Author: Lynette AndersonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Culverts
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Book Description
Fish Passage at Road Crossings
Author: Lynette AndersonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Culverts
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Book Description
Fish Passage at Road Crossings
Author: Lynette AndersonFish Passage Design at Road Culverts
Author: Ken BatesFish Passage at Road Crossings in a Montana Watershed
Author: Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters
Author: Hubert ChansonPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000049914
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Book Description
Low-level river crossings, including culverts, are important for delivering a range of valuable socioeconomic services, including transportation and hydrological control. These structures are also known to have negative impacts on freshwater river system morphology and ecology, including the blockage of upstream fish passage, particularly small-body-mass fish species. Given the enormous environmental problems created by road crossings, new hydraulic engineering guidelines are proposed for fish-friendly multi-cell box culvert designs. The focus of these guidelines is on smooth box culverts without appurtenance, with a novel approach based upon three basic concepts: (I) the culvert design is optimized for fish passage for small to medium water discharges, and for flood capacity for larger discharges, (II) low-velocity zones are provided along the wetted perimeter in the culvert barrel, and quantified in terms of a fraction of the wetted flow area where the local longitudinal velocity is less than a characteristic fish speed linked to swimming performances of targeted fish species, and (III) the culvert barrel is smooth, without any other form of boundary treatment and appurtenance. The present monograph develops a number of practical considerations, in particular relevant to box culvert operations for less-than-design discharges. It is argued that upstream fish passage capabilities would imply a revised approach to maintenance, in part linked to the targeted fish species. This reference work is authored for civil and environmental engineers, as well as biology and ecology scientists interested in culvert design. While the book is aimed to professionals, the material is also lectured in postgraduate courses and in professional short courses.
Fish Passage Design for Road Crossings
Author: Fish Passage Through Headwater Stream Road Crossings Monitored by Radio Frequency Identification Stations
Author: Ian R. MacLeodPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Book Description
"Road crossings on small streams typically alter stream hydrology and potentially fragment aquatic ecosystems. The Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas has thousands of road crossings which may hinder fish movement and contribute to genetic inbreeding or extirpation. To monitor the impacts of road crossings on fish movement I used stationary antenna arrays to detect and record radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, also known as PIT tags, in the Ouachita Mountains. In 2011-2013, I injected 12-mm, half-duplex, RFID tags in ~3,800 fish (nine species) 85 mm or greater total length. I installed remotely-powered RFID detection stations in two streams with road crossings and two reference streams without road crossings to continuously monitor fish movements. The RFID stations included two, pass-through antennas transecting the stream, with one antenna upstream of the road crossing or reference reach and the other located downstream. The two-part antenna array was designed to precisely record timing and movement direction of each fish passage. The antennas lacked rigid, in-stream structures, which may have affected fish movement. I developed a figure-eight crossover antenna design to improve tag detection efficiency. I monitored associated stream depths and velocities to characterize hydrological conditions and road crossing hydraulics. Fish passed at higher rates across reference reaches than road crossings and at higher rates across a box-culvert than a vented-ford, where fish utilized high water events to bypass high velocity and low swimming depth barriers. Stream intermittency caused extensive stream dryness and exacerbated the hydraulic obstacles at road crossings, which reduced passage rates. Fish species and length had little impact on passage rates. The RFID stations monitored fish passage more efficiently than electrofishing recapture methods and should enhance future studies of aquatic organism passage and road crossing permeability." --Abstract.
An Assessment of Fish Passage Conditions at Stream Crossings Associated with the State Road System on the Seward Peninsula
Author: David B. RylandPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Culverts
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Where roads intersect streams, crossing structures can become barriers to fish passage significantly affecting fish populations by delaying, impeding, or blocking normal movements. Unrestricted movement through stream systems is necessary for anadromous and resident fish species of all age classes and life stages to maintain access to spawning, rearing, and over-wintering habitats, which are essential to maintaining viable populations. Results of stream crossing inventories in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska suggest that a majority of culverts in fish-bearing waters obstruct normal fish movements to varying degrees. The loss of freshwater habitat is often considered a central factor in the decline of wild fish stocks throughout the range of Pacific salmon. This study was undertaken to assess fish passage at stream crossings along state-maintained roads on the Seward Peninsula in northwestern Alaska. Approximately 74 percent of the stream crossings surveyed were categorized as barriers to juvenile fish; an additional 19 percent were categorized as potential barriers. At the majority of the crossings surveyed, culverts were found to constrict the stream channel and be too steep for juvenile fish passage. Steep gradient was the most common factor that contributed to any crossing being categorized as a barrier.
Fish Passage Through Road Culverts
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has regulations requiring road crossings to facilitate Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP). Due to a current inability to prove that AOP will not be inhibited, acquiring permits for the design and construction of culverts has become difficult. Often, bridges costing up to three times as much must be built in their place. To improve the design of culverts and the feasibility of obtaining a permit, this study determined the maximum swimming speed that can be sustained by a fish for a period of ten minutes. This speed, known as the critical velocity, is equivalent to traversing a 100m culvert. The critical velocities were determined for the following fish species native to the piedmont of North Carolina: Nocomis leptocephalus, Lepomis auritus, Etheostoma nigrum, Lepomis macrochirus, Noturus insignis, Notropisprocne. The fish were collected by electrofishing from local streams. After resting for 12 to 18 hours the fish were placed in a flume and allowed to accommodate at a resting velocity of 20cmD . The velocity was then increased by 10cmD every ten minutes, while returning to the resting velocity for five minutes between each step. The critical velocities for each species were 85.56cmD, 43.89cmD, 67.76cmD, 37.05cmD, 48.67cmD, 61.42cmD respectively. Based on the data collected in this experiment, it is recommended that the maximum velocity in a culvert be kept under 55cmD for 90% of the fish migration period. A Microsoft Excel model was created based on the results. The model uses the critical velocities as guidelines for maximum flow rates in the hydrologic design of culverts. Using the model in addition to other hydrologic design models can aid in the design of culverts that do not impede fish passage.
Road Crossing Designs and Their Impact on Fish Assemblages and Geomorphology of Great Plains Streams
Author: Wesley Wade BouskaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Improperly designed stream crossings may prohibit movement of stream fishes by creating physical or behavioral barriers and may alter the form and function of stream ecosystems. A mark-recapture and geomorphological study was conducted to evaluate fish passage and stream morphology at three types of vehicle crossings (compared to control sites) located on streams in the Flint Hills of Northeast Kansas. We investigated five concrete box culverts, five low-water crossings (concrete slabs vented by one or multiple culverts), and two single corrugated culverts. A total of 6,433 fish were marked April to May 2007 and 709 were recaptured June to August 2007. Fish passage occurred at all crossing types, but upstream movement of recaptured fish was higher at controls (41.1%) than at crossing reaches (19.1%) for low-water crossings. Control sites had more species in common upstream and downstream than did crossings. There was reduced overall abundance of fish upstream at low-water crossings, commonly percids and centrarchids. A comparison of channel and road crossing dimensions showed that box culverts and corrugated culverts would be more effective than low-water crossings at transporting water, sediments, and debris during bankfull flows, and fish passage at base flows. Upstream passage of Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), and Southern redbelly dace (Phoxinus erythrogaster) was tested through three simulated crossing designs (box culverts, round corrugated culverts, and natural rock) across 11 different water velocities (0.1 m/s to 1.1 m/s) in an experimental stream. Upstream movement did not differ among designs, except natural rock crossings had lower movement than box or corrugated culverts for red shiners. A greater proportion of Topeka shiners moved upstream at higher velocities. These results suggest that crossing type affects fish passage and the morphology of the stream, although water velocity in different crossing designs alone may not be a determining factor in fish passage. Low-water crossings had the greatest impact on fish community and movement, but barriers to fish movement are likely caused by other variables (e.g. perching). Use of properly designed crossing structures has great promise in conserving critical stream habitat and preserving native fish communities.