First Papers on Migrancy and Rural Poverty PDF Download

Author: Shirley K. Josephs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Children of migrant laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Philip L. Martin
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300156006
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265

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American agriculture employs some 2.5 million workers during a typical year. Three fourths of these farm workers are immigrants, half are unauthorized, and most will leave seasonal farm work within a decade. This book looks at what these statistics mean for farmers, labourers, and rural America.

Author: Richard E. Bilsborrow
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Case studies-- of the links between highlands and lowlands in Latin America; of transmigration in Indonesia; and of migration and desertification in the Sudan-- illustrate the relationship between poverty, internal migration, and environmental change in rural areas of developing countries.

Author: Edmundo Murrugarra
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821384376
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 178

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Book Description
This volume uses recent research from the World Bank to document and analyze the bidirectional relationship between poverty and migration in developing countries. The case studies chapters compiled in this book (from Tanzania, Nepal, Albania and Nicaragua), as well as the last, policy-oriented chapter illustrate the diversity of migration experience and tackle the complicated nexus between migration and poverty reduction. Two main messages emerge: Although evidence indicates that migration reduces poverty, it also shows that migration opportunities of the poor differ from that of the rest. In general, the evidence suggests that the poor either migrate less or migrate to low return destinations. As a consequence, many developing countries are not maximizing the poverty-reducing potential of migration. The main reason behind this outcome is difficulties in access to remunerative migration opportunities and the high costs associated with migrating. It is shown, for example, that reducing migration costs makes migration more pro-poor. The volume shows that developing countries governments are not without means to improve this situation. Several of the country examples offer a few policy recommendations towards this end.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Children of migrant laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Author: Esteban J. Quiñones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 265

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My dissertation is comprised of three chapters that explore development, migration, and poverty in rural Mexico and Nigeria. The first two chapters broadly investigate the determinants of and impacts of migration with data from Mexico while the third chapter tests the presence of poverty traps in northern Nigeria. The unifying concept threaded throughout the chapters is the study of decision making by poor, rural households and individuals, experiencing shocks at times in equilibrium at others, in the context of risk and incomplete markets. The first chapter assesses whether individuals in Mexico engage in anticipatory (ex ante) migration or local labor reallocation in response to observing heat induced catastrophic crop losses of other households within their communities. The main contribution of this study is in demonstrating that individuals mitigate against the increased probability of destabilizing climate events in an anticipatory manner, particularly through domestic migration, substantiating rarely studied ex ante concepts. This work additionally shows that agriculture is a major, if not the dominant, mechanism through which the environment influences migration in rural areas while drawing attention to the salience of learning about environmental risk and the crop losses of others. In so doing, this study highlights that the observation of low levels of adaptation to climate change (aka adaptation gaps) may be partially explained by the nearly exclusive focus on reactive (ex post) responses to environmental phenomena. These findings and the heterogeneous capacity of households to mitigate the risks associated with climate shocks have important implications for and the design, targeting and implementation of climate change mitigation programs. The second chapter is a collaboration with Bradford L. Barham exploring the direct influence of migration and return migration on occupation outcomes for individuals from rural, coffee producing households in southern Mexico. This study focuses on the impact of labor mobility on occupation trajectories in conjunction with the motives and selection dynamics shaping migration. The principal contribution of this study is in demonstrating that occupation outcomes are directly and positively influenced by both migration and return migration, especially for females, net of the positive selection associated with migration and the negative selection associated with non-pecuniary factors. These results highlight the positive welfare effects of labor mobility for the rural poor and the losses associated with non-pecuniary motives, such as family reunification or forced returns. The third chapter explores asset dynamics and the presence of poverty traps in northern Nigeria over a 20-year period and is coauthored with Andrew Dillon (Northwestern University). The primary contribution of this paper is in consistently presenting evidence that does not support the poverty traps hypothesis among rural, agricultural households in a remote part of Nigeria despite testing for them (i) over a relatively long time horizon; (ii) in a setting where livestock is the primary, but not exclusive, asset accumulated by households; (iii) for a diverse set of assets including land, livestock, capital, and durables; as well as (iv) using parametric and semi-parametric estimation techniques. We show that agricultural land extensification (bringing new land into cultivation beyond intensification) in response to population pressure may explain why households are able to achieve slow growth and asset wealth mobility, thereby avoiding poverty traps. Our results underscore the important role that access to productive land can play in promoting welfare.

Author: Ann R. Tickamyer
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0231544715
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
America's rural areas have always held a disproportionate share of the nation's poorest populations. Rural Poverty in the United States examines why. What is it about the geography, demography, and history of rural communities that keeps them poor? In a comprehensive analysis that extends from the Civil War to the present, Rural Poverty in the United States looks at access to human and social capital; food security; healthcare and the environment; homelessness; gender roles and relations; racial inequalities; and immigration trends to isolate the underlying causes of persistent rural poverty. Contributors to this volume incorporate approaches from multiple disciplines, including sociology, economics, demography, race and gender studies, public health, education, criminal justice, social welfare, and other social science fields. They take a hard look at current and past programs to alleviate rural poverty and use their failures to suggest alternatives that could improve the well-being of rural Americans for years to come. These essays work hard to define rural poverty's specific metrics and markers, a critical step for building better policy and practice. Considering gender, race, and immigration, the book appreciates the overlooked structural and institutional dimensions of ongoing rural poverty and its larger social consequences.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 938

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Author: Iom International Organization For Migration
Publisher: Academic Foundation
ISBN: 9788171885732
Category : Asia
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264307214
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 310

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Book Description
This joint publication by the OECD and the European Commission presents a comprehensive international comparison across all EU, OECD and G20 countries of the integration outcomes for immigrants and their children, through 25 indicators organised around three areas: labour market and skills ...