Author: Helmut T. Zwahlen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Older automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Twenty older drivers, aged 63 to 81 (average 72.1), with corrected visual acuity ranging from 20/20 to 20/29 (average 20/25), evaluated six sign material and lighting combinations under nighttime conditions on US Route 30 near Mansfield, Ohio. The tested material combinations, all unlighted unless noted otherwise, were (legend on background) beaded Type III on beaded Type III, lighted beaded Type III on beaded Type III, Type VIII on microprismatic Type III, Type IX on beaded Type III, Type IX on Type IX, and Type VII on beaded Type III. Evaluators sat in the passenger seat and middle center seat of a 2002 Dodge Caravan. Headlights were kept on low beam. The evaluation loop was driven twice, once approaching signs in the left lane, and once approaching in the right lane. The evaluators completed questionnaires regarding sign visibility, legibility, and appearance after driving under each sign group and also an exit interview on the same topics at the end of the evaluation. Based on questionnaire responses, the highest rated sign groups in terms of legibility and visibility were Type IX on Type IX and Type VII on beaded Type III, which in the exit interview were deemed acceptable for nighttime use by 80% and 65% of evaluators, respectively. In contrast, the lighted beaded Type III on beaded Type III sign, representing existing signing practice in Ohio, was deemed acceptable by only 40-45% of evaluators. The Type VIII on microprismatic Type III sign performed about as well as the lighted sign group, receiving higher scores on the relevant questions on the Exit Interview (60% for legibility, 55% for visibility), but performing worse on the Sign Evaluation Forms. The Type IX on beaded Type III, a favored option in the previous study, performed noticeably still worse, and the unlighted beaded Type III on beaded Type III had the worst performance overall, as was the case in the previous study. Given that the Type IX on Type IX and Type VII on beaded Type III was clearly favored by evaluators over the lighted sign group, it appears that switching from lighted signs to unlighted signs using Type VII on beaded Type III or Type IX on Type IX materials may represent an actual improvement for older drivers, in addition to having benefits in terms of saving on electricity, lighting maintenance costs, and worker/traffic hazards. With the greater needs of older drivers, the use at short distance of Type IX on Type IX signs instead of the previously suggested Type IX on beaded Type III is recommended.
Author: Paul John Carlson Publisher: ISBN: 9780309375474 Category : Traffic signs and signals Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Chapter 1. Introduction -- chapter 2. Background -- chapter 3. Closed-course study -- chapter 4. Open-Road study -- chapter 5. Research findings -- References -- appendix A. Incremental effects of light sources and sign sheeting on legend luminance for overhead guide signs -- appendix B. Assessment of background complexity using digital images of roadway scenes by image processing -- appendix C. Open-road study details -- appendix D. Guidelines for Nighttime overhead sign visibility.
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board Publisher: ISBN: Category : Highway-railroad grade crossings Languages : en Pages : 116
Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118762304 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 688
Book Description
Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.
Author: Gerson J. Alexander Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobile driving Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
Expectancy relates to a driver's readiness to respond to situations, events, and information in predictable and successful ways. This report describes the concept of driver expectancy in the context of the driving task, and provides examples of expectancy and expectancy violations. It includes a procedure for identifying general and specific expectancy violations to enable engineers to develop remedial treatments to deal with expectancy problems.
Author: Great Britain: Department for Transport Publisher: ISBN: 9780115531453 Category : Roads Languages : en Pages : 105
Book Description
This publication sets out the statutory requirements for signing, lighting, and guarding at street works and road works. This is the core reference manual for utility companies, local authorities, street work contractors and others whose day-to-day business involves street works (works by statutory undertakers and other utility companies etc) and road works (works to maintain or repair road infrastructure). The code, which covers all of the UK and includes national variations, is now compulsory for highway/road authorities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It applies to all single carriageway roads and dual carriageways with a speed limit of 40 mph or less. The code is now divided into three parts: Basic Principles, Operations, and Equipment and Vehicles; site layout diagrams have been redrawn to make them easier to understand. There is: increased emphasis on using risk assessment and guidance on what to consider in such assessments; strengthened guidance on providing for pedestrians and cyclists and new guidance on traffic control measures related to road closures, one-way working and temporary road obstructions; enhanced advice on other traffic control measures including works near tramways and railways, and mobile/short duration works; and updated advice on high visibility clothing and the signing and conspicuity requirements for work vehicles. Effective from 1 October 2014 when it will supersede the 2001 edition (ISBN 9780115519581).
Author: Helmut T. Zwahlen
Author: Paul John Carlson
Author: 
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Author: James E. Bryden
Author: 
Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)
Author: 
Author: Gerson J. Alexander
Author: Great Britain: Department for Transport