Fertilizer Influence on Nutrient Uptake, Growth, and Morphology of Seedling Corn PDF Download

Author: Allan R. Isensee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Author: Robert Carroll Brown
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grain
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Author: Paul J. Stangel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336

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Author: Rodolfo Plinio Peregrina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Author: Donald William Kemper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Field experiments were conducted in 1969 and 1970 to determine the effects of corn hybrid, rate of applied nitrogen and plant population on nutrient uptake, yield, several yield components and several agronomic characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.). The corn was planted at equidistant intervals with plant spacings ranging from 25,4 to 50.8 on, the range of plant populations was 39,520 to 158,080 plants/ha. Nitrogen was broadcast in 67 kg increments (0 to 538 kg of nitrogen/ha) at planting as ammonium nitrate. The corn hybrids used wereN6 x B14, N31 x N28, N28 x C103, Nebr. 808 and Ner. 501D. Irrigation water was supplied as necessary. Ramrod and atrazine were applied for weed control at the rate of 3.36 and 1.12 kh/ha respectively. The parameters measured include the following: uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur (percentage uptake, uptake/plant and uptake/unit area) and dry matter accumulation at the 6-, 11-leaf and at the silking stage were measured. Crain yield, the number of cars and plants per plot and the number of ears per 100 plants, shelling percentage, dry matter of the graing, car lenght, ear width, 100 kernel weight, grain protein, dates of 50% tassel and 50% silked, and dates of the first and last pollen shed were the measured parameters. Plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area and LAI were measured only in 1969. Lodging, breakage and stripping damage were measured only in 1970 becuase of severe wind damage to the crop. As a result of decreased plant size, the uptake of nutrition...

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7

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Through the process of photosynthesis, corn plants use energy from sunlight to manufacture sugar from carbon dioxide in the air and water and nutrients in the soil. This sugar is then converted to starches, proteins and other compounds that make up the dry weight of the plant. Essentially, all phootsynthesis occurs in the leaves. Generally, then, the more leaf area an adapted plant has, the more dry weight it will produce. Corn leaves are produced early in the growing season-largely before mid-julay-then the stalk and tassel form, then the husks, cob, etc., and finally the grain. But the potential amount of grain that can be produced at the end of the season depends upon the leaf area produced early in the season. Early dry matter accumulation in the corn plant is slow. Leaf area then is small. As more leaf area is available, the amount of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation increases. (...).

Author: Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331910635X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches is the ninth volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. It presents a broad overview of topics related to improvement of nutrient use efficiency of crops. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients. It can be defined as yield (biomass) per unit input (fertilizer, nutrient content). NUE is a complex trait: it depends on the ability to take up the nutrients from the soil, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant, and even on the environment. NUE is of particular interest as a major target for crop improvement. Improvement of NUE is an essential pre-requisite for expansion of crop production into marginal lands with low nutrient availability but also a way to reduce use of inorganic fertilizer.

Author: M.L. Van Beusichem
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400905858
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 759

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Exactly 35 years after the first Colloquium was held, the Eleventh International Plant Nutrition Colloquium took place from 30 July to 4 August 1989 in Wageningen, The Netherlands. Although impressive progress has been made during the past decades in our understanding of the mechanisms of uptake, distribution and assimilation of nutrients in relation to crop yield and quality, there are still significant gaps in our insight into many fundamental aspects of plant mineral nutrition and related metabolic processes. In spite of improved knowledge of nutrient requirements of crops and improved fertilizer application strategies, the world population remains to be burdened with an enormous shortage of plant products for food, timber, fuel, shelter, and other purposes. The main challenge facing the plant nutrition research community is to at least alleviate the increasing world-wide need for applying scientific knowledge to practical problems in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. It is therefore felt by many scientists that the Plant Nutrition Colloquia, which are intended to bring together scientists and to integrate knowledge and approaches acquired in plant physiology, biochemis try, soil science, agronomy and related disciplines, have indeed made a significant contribution to the advancement of our knowledge and understanding in this vital and interdisciplinary field of agrobiology. About 260 scientists from 40 nations attended the Colloquium in Wageningen.

Author: Nand Kumar Fageria
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439867372
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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The Role of Plant Roots in Crop Production presents the state of knowledge on environmental factors in root growth and development and their effect on the improvement of the yield of annual crops. This book addresses the role of roots in crop production and includes references to numerous annual crops. In addition, it brings together the issues and the state-of-the-art technologies that affect root growth, with comprehensive reviews to facilitate efficient, sustainable, economical, and environmentally responsible crop production. Written for plant scientists, crop scientists, horticulturalists, and soil scientists, plant physiologists, breeders, environmental scientists, agronomists, and undergraduate and graduate students in different disciplines of agricultural science, The Role of Plant Roots in Crop Production: Addresses root architecture and development dynamics to help users improve crop productivity Emphasizes crop production, plant nutrition, and soil chemistry relative to root growth and functions Covers root morphology, root functions, nutrient and water uptake by roots, root-soil interactions, root-environment interactions, root-microbe interactions, physiology of root crops, and management practices to improve root growth Supports content with experimental results, and additional data is presented with pictures Increasing food production worldwide has become a major issue in the 21st century. Stagnation in grain yield of important food crops in recent years in developed, as well as developing, countries has contributed to a sharp increase in food prices. Furthermore, higher grain yield will be needed in the future to feed a burgeoning world population with a rising standard of living that requires more grain per capita. Technologies that enhance productivity, ensure environmental safety, and conserve natural resources are required to meet this challenge.

Author: Matthew W. Hock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195

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Producers choosing to implement an early corn planting management strategy often experience several yield limiting biotic and abiotic factors. Field variability, flooding, sub-optimal soil temperatures which leads to poor nutrient uptake, delayed emergence and reduced root growth can limit grain production. Three separate experiments were conducted to address some of the negative effects associated with early corn planting. Experiment 1 evaluated flooding effects on several morpho-physiological traits including root system architecture during early crop development. Hybrids (DKC 6208, Pioneer 1197) were flooded at planting (V0) and growth stages V1, V2, V3 for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 hours. Plants flooded at V0 11% suffered the steepest decline in collar height. Plants flooded at V2 10% were more susceptible than plants flooded V1 4%. Overall, there was a linear decline in nutrient concentration if flooding occurred at planting. Tissue Na levels were the most affected by flood duration and K was the least affected. Experiment 2 evaluated biologic compounds developed to increase immobile nutrients P and K to improve fertilizer use efficiency and provide slow developing roots essential nutrients. The effectiveness of microbial products (B-300, QR, Mammoth, EM 1) with/without starter fertilizer influenced yield, emergence, plant growth, and nutrient uptake. Biologic seed treatments compared to the control, resulted in a positive yield advantage for all treatments. Yields ranged from 37 to 48% higher if biologic compounds were applied. On average, yields increased from 26 to 38% after starter fertilizer was added to the biologic compounds. Phosphorus levels at VT were significantly higher for QR and K content was higher for B300, SF-B300, QR, Mamm, and SF-Mamm compared to the control. Experiment 3 addressed soil physical/chemical properties affecting plant development and there yield plant density relationship. On average, yields significantly increased 40% as plant population increased from 49,400 to 103,740 plants ha−1 . Based on the quadratic model agronomically yields would be highest at 61,360 plants ha−1 . Correlation analysis among yield and soil physical and chemical properties revealed positive correlations for grain yield, sand% (r 2 = 0.42), soil K (r 2 = 0.17) soil Na (r 2 = 0.46), and soil P (r 2 = 0.49).