Author: Susan Weber Buchholz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 564

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Book Description

Author: Marion Meta Adams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Book Description

Author: Kisha Marie Virgil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American women
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Book Description
Rates of chronic disease and physical inactivity are disproportionately high among African American women. Despite the known benefits of physical activity and an increasing number of programs designed to increase activity, attendance rates to many exercise programs remain low. There is much to learn about program types, such as healthy lifestyle programs (HLP); individual factors, such as self-efficacy; and mediating variables that may influence exercise program attendance. An observational study design was used to compare exercise self-efficacy and attendance in a community-based exercise program in African American women who were enrolled in a HLP (N = 53) to women who were not (N = 27). Exercise program attendance was gathered across six months; demographics, self-efficacy and physical activity behaviors were assessed through surveys; and physiological variables (resting heart rate and blood pressure, height, and weight) and physical fitness (muscular strength and endurance and cardiovascular endurance) were measured at baseline. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants and groups were compared using T-tests, chi-square and non-parametric statistics. Finally, mediation analyses were conducted using multiple regression models to assess self-efficacy as a potential mediator to exercise program attendance. Women who enrolled in this study were of low income (61% having an annual income less than $20,000), obese with a mean (standard deviation) body mass index (BMI) of 37.7 (7.6), pre-hypertensive with a mean (standard deviation) systolic blood pressure of 125.9 (14.4), and scored poorly and marginally on two fitness tests. On average, women reported being Moderately Confident in their ability to exercise regularly, yet had low attendance in the exercise program with a median number .5 days over six months and there were no significant differences in exercise self-efficacy (p = .23) or attendance in the exercise program between groups (p = .79). Additionally, exercise self-efficacy was not a mediating variable to program attendance. Women in this study had little discretionary income and several chronic disease risk factors, yet exercise program attendance was low even in those enrolled in a HLP. Identifying factors that increase exercise self-efficacy and factors that influence attendance beyond self-efficacy may help future program design and attendance.

Author: Jahmaad Harrell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
A variety of barriers to physical activity have been identified and these barriers take new forms in relation to African American women. This study examined how the intersectionality of race and gender play a pivotal role in African American women's physical activity. I sought to understand whether there were differences in barriers and strategies reported between physically active and inactive groups, whether the perception of barriers and barrier self-efficacy were predictors of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and what types of strategies African American women use to overcome barriers. African American women completed and online survey and a subset participated in semi-structured interviews. Results indicated that both physically active and inactive women within the sample faced similar barriers and utilized similar strategies, but the perceived effectiveness differed between the two groups. Both perception of barriers (p= .045) and barrier self-efficacy (p= .043) were significant predictors in a regression predicting MVPA. Analysis of semi-structured in depth interviews uncovered five major themes: Health Perceptions within the African American Community are an Obstacle to Healthy Behaviors; Gender Differences and Gendered Activity Expectations , Hair as a Constraint to Physical Activity for African American Women; The Role of Body Image as a Barrier and a Facilitator of physical activity, and The Role of a Physical Activity Environment in Negotiating Constraints.

Author: Bridget K. Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Amy Eyler
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780789020017
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
Learn to tailor physical activity interventions to the women you work with! Ethnic minority and low-income women have some of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the highest rates of physical inactivity—an independent risk factor for CVD. This book discusses the environmental, policy, and cultural factors that affect the tendency of these women (ages 20–50) to undertake physical activities. This vital information is based on qualitative research conducted in various locations in the United States with African-American, American Indian, Latina, and white women living in both urban and rural environments. Along with individual chapters on separate groups of women, this book includes a thorough summary discussing the similarities and differences among the groups—and recommendations for future research. This book will increase your understanding of: the impact of environmental influences on women's patterns of physical activity the mission and methodology of the Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project cultural, environmental, and policy determinants of physical activity based upon the responses of the focus groups involved in the study, which include a) low-income minority women b) well-educated urban African-American women c) African-American women in the southeastern United States d) rural African-American women e) rural white women who say they don't exercise regularly f) Latina immigrants g) Southwestern American Indian women

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583

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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author: Heather J. Leach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American women
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women in the US. Prevalence of risk factors for CVD such as hypertension, physical inactivity and obesity is high in African American (AA) women. Ecologic models suggest that built environments which support physical activity can reduce risk for CVD. However, questions remain about the influence of the built environment on changes or long term maintenance of physical activity, health outcomes, and overall risk for CVD. This study examined the influence of built environment characteristics on (1) changes in self-reported physical activity, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (BF%) and blood pressure (BP) five years following an individually focused intervention, (2) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), lipid profile and fasting blood glucose, and (3) the likelihood of having four or more CVD risk factors at ideal levels. AA women who took part in the Health Is Power (HIP) project participated in this study (N=30). Participant’s neighborhoods were assessed for characteristics hypothesized to support physical activity. At five-year follow up, BMI (M=33.5kg/m2, SD=8.3) and diastolic BP (M=78.9mmHg, SD=10.6) were not significantly different from post intervention. BF% (M=43.7, SD=5.8) increased, and systolic BP (M=117.9, SD=13.5), walking physical activity (Median=973.0 MET-min/week) and leisure time physical activity (Median=792.2 MET-min/week) decreased from post intervention. Overall, 66.7% of participants had four or more CVD risk factor metrics at ideal levels. Linear regression models showed that built environment characteristics did not predict changes in physical activity or health outcomes from post intervention to five-year follow up. Higher crime score was associated with larger waist circumference [F(1,25)=5.39, p=.029, R2=.183], and participants who were older than 55 and lived in neighborhoods with few, low quality physical activity resources were least likely to have four or more CVD risk factors metrics at ideal levels. To support sustainability of health behaviors and outcomes following an individually focused intervention, researchers and community leaders should consider the importance of other aspects the intervention such as psycho-social factors. Qualitative aspects of the built environment such as crime and quality of physical activity resources may be most important for health and disease risk in older, AA women.

Author: Leslie Anne Sargent
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American women
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Book Description

Author: Rennae A. Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American teenagers
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Book Description
"The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the physical activity behavior of Black female adolescents age 14-18 in the Charlotte, NC public school community by examining the relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy, social support, outcome expectations, and physical environment. The study sample consisted of 96 girls ages 14-19 from a public high school in Charlotte, North Carolina. Participants volunteered to complete a survey with demographic, physical activity (PA), and psychosocial questions. The predictor variables were self-efficacy and physical activity self-efficacy, social support, outcome expectations, and physical environment. The dependent variable was physical activity participation. Correlational analysis was employed to examine the relationship of the four predictor variables to physical activity. Self-efficacy was shown to be correlated with PA. The strongest correlation was between physical activity self-efficacy and PA. Correlations between outcome expectations and PA for the total sample were low and not significant. Total social support, family and friend social support were correlated with PA as well. Physical environment was not significantly related with PA for the Black adolescents in this study. Multiple regression was used to determine the relative strength of the four main predictor variables on the dependent variable of physical activity level. For the total sample, the four predictor variables explained 24% of the variance in physical activity participation. Of these variables, physical activity self-efficacy makes the largest unique contribution (beta=.36) with a significance level of .002. In order to understand PA habits and perceptions among Black adolescent females, the last section of the survey included 14 open-ended questions. Most Black participants understand the health benefits of physical activity, but cited tiring and sweating factors as reasons why they do not participate in physical activity. Findings suggest increasing physical activity self-efficacy and providing social support, as well as allowing girls to have a choice in their physical activity and offering activities they consider fun, may lead to increased physical activity among Black adolescent girls."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.