Extraction of Carboxylic Acids by Amine Extractants PDF Download

Author: Janet Ayako Tamada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 804

View

Book Description

Author: Abdul Qader
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153

View

Book Description
This work examines the chemistry and interfacial kinetics for reactive solvent extraction processes. A detailed study of the phase equilibria between carboxylic acids (acetic, propionic, lactic, malic and citric acids) and Extnictsants (trioctylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphate and trioctylamine) in various diluents (hexane, decane,decanol) was carried out. A complex model has been formulated which accounts for the number of moles of each species participating in the complex formation. A general conclusion was that more than one complex can exist at equilibrium. (Acid)m(Extractant)n type of complexes where, m, n = 1, 2, 3... & also fractional numbers, are suggested. The stoichiometries of these complexes are influenced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Using the proposed phase equilibria model and applying the least square method, the extraction equilibriurn constants Welt also evaluated. A rotating diffusion cell ( RDC ) was chosen for the study of the rate of acid transfer. It has been prosed that carboxylic acid transfer is rate controlled by a diffusion process. The kinetics of stripping only for acetic and citric acids have been examined. The rate constant for acetic acid was found to be 3.43x10-5 m.s-l at 298 K. For citric acid, the rate constant was determined as a function of temperature as: k = 0.0431. e-368O/T for which the activation energy is 30.6 kJ.mol-l.

Author: Hans-Jörg Bart
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366204403X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224

View

Book Description
This booklet is designed to bridge the gap between handbooks and technical literature and aims at graduate students or experienced readers. Commercial flow sheeting simulation software is increasingly available and is used in the early steps of process design in industry. As to this, more sophisticated and precise models based on activities instead of concentrations should be used. After an introductory chapter there is in Chapter 2 an intensive discussion of reactive phase equilibria of ionic and non-ionic solutes based on chemical potentials. Chapter 3 introduces to multicomponent diffusion and mass transfer. However, the main focus is on the reactive mass transfer on rigid and mobile surfaces where the interfacial reaction, molecular diffusion and adsorption layers are decisive. The respective extraction of zinc with a cation exchanger and of acetic acid with an anion exchanger is discussed as case studies. Since adsorption layers and surfactants have a major impact on liquid-liquid extraction efficiency, the final chapter reviews several tech niques which make use of polymeric species in an extractive process. A short review is also given on extraction apparatus and the hydrodynamics (hydraulic design, droplet populance balances) of columns. Much of the booklet is based on the PhD works of C. Czapla (2000), G. Modes (2000), H. Klocker (1996), T. Kronberger (1995), M. Marters (2000), M. Roos (2000), M. Traving (2000) and B. Wachter (1996) who I wish to thank for their fruitful contributions.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51

View

Book Description
Extraction processes based on reversible chemical complexation can be useful for separation of polar organics from dilute solution. Tertiary amines are effective extractants for the recovery of carboxylic acids from aqueous solution. The regeneration of aminecarboxylic acid extracts is an important step which strongly influences the economic viability of the separation process. Several regeneration methods are critically reviewed, and the factors that affect swing regeneration processes, including temperature-swing, diluent composition-swing and pH-swing with a volatile base are discussed. Interest in this area comes from interest in treatment of waste streams, particularly in petrochemical and fermentation manufacture.

Author: Vladimir S Kislik
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444537791
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 573

View

Book Description
The main challenge in modern solvent extraction separation is that most techniques are mainly empirical, specific and particular for narrow fields of practice and require a large degree of experimentation. This concise and modern book provides a complete overview of both solvent extraction separation techniques and the novel and unified competitive complexation/solvation theory. This novel and unified technique presented in the book provides a key for a preliminary quantitative prediction of suitable extraction systems without experimentation, thus saving researchers time and resources. - Analyzes and compares both classical and new competitive models and techniques - Offers a novel and unified competitive complexation / solvation theory that permits researchers to standardize some parameters, which decreases the need for experimentation at R&D - Presents examples of applications in multiple disciplines such as chemical, biochemical, radiochemical, pharmaceutical and analytical separation - Written by an outstanding scientist who is prolific in the field of separation science

Author: Neil Lawrence Ricker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carboxylic acids
Languages : en
Pages : 616

View

Book Description

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133

View

Book Description
Two novel regenerated solvent extraction processes are examined. The first process has the potential to reduce the energy costs inherent in the recovery of low-volatility carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solutions. The second process has the potential for reducing the energy costs required for separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases (e.g. CO2 and H2S) from industrial sour waters. The recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solution can be achieved by extraction with tertiary amines. An approach for regeneration and product recovery from such extracts is to back-extract the carboxylic acid with a water-soluble, volatile tertiary amine, such as trimethylamine. The resulting trimethylammonium carboxylate solution can be concentrated and thermally decomposed, yielding the product acid and the volatile amine for recycle. Experimental work was performed with lactic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid. Equilibrium data show near-stoichiometric recovery of the carboxylic acids from an organic solution of Alamine 336 into aqueous solutions of trimethylamine. For fumaric and succinic acids, partial evaporation of the aqueous back extract decomposes the carboxylate and yields the acid product in crystalline form. The decomposition of aqueous solutions of trimethylammonium lactates was not carried out to completion, due to the high water solubility of lactic acid and the tendency of the acid to self-associate. The separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases from sour waters can be achieved by combining steam-stripping of the acid gases with simultaneous removal of ammonia by extraction with a liquid cation exchanger. The use of di-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphinic acid as the liquid cation exchanger is explored in this work. Batch extraction experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium distribution ratio of ammonia between an aqueous buffer solution and an organic solution of the phosphinic acid (0.2N) in Norpar 12. The concentration-based distribution ratios increase from 0.11 to 0.46 as the aqueous phase pH increases from 7.18 to 8.15. Regeneration of the organic extractant solution was carried out by stripping at elevated temperatures to remove the ammonia, with 99% recovery of the ammonia being obtained at 125 C.

Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080457010
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 517

View

Book Description
Membrane Contactors: Fundamentals, Applications and Potentialities, Volume 11 covers new operations that could be efficiently used to improve the performance of a variety of industrial production cycles in applications ranging from biotechnology to agrofood. This book focuses on the basic "principles of work": required membrane materials and properties; major operating parameters; the importance of module configuration and design and; the performance of membrane contactors in specific processes. The authors' dynamic approach to this subject makes Membrane Contactors: Fundamentals, Applications and Potentialities, Volume 11 the most comprehensive book currently available on all aspects related to the 'membrane contactor world.* Describes new unit operations in process engineering* Covers a wide variety of industrial applications, from biotechnology to agrofood* Applicable to process intensification and sustainable growth strategies

Author: N. Lawrence Ricker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acetic acid
Languages : en
Pages : 172

View

Book Description

Author: André B. de Haan
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110654806
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 454

View

Book Description
Separation processes on an industrial scale account for well over half of the capital and operating costs in the chemical industry. Knowledge of these processes is key for every student of chemical or process engineering. This book is ideally suited to university teaching, thanks to its wealth of exercises and solutions. The second edition boasts an even greater number of applied examples and case studies as well as references for further reading.