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Author: Samy Friedman Publisher: Greenwood ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
The purpose of this book is to clarify issues of international importance relating to the varying interpretations of expropriation and confiscation arising during international disputes.
Author: Samy Friedman Publisher: Greenwood ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
The purpose of this book is to clarify issues of international importance relating to the varying interpretations of expropriation and confiscation arising during international disputes.
Author: Pieter Adriaanse Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9401189153 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
was discussed by the Institut de Droit International at Siena 1 and recently, in 1954, it was the principal item of the meeting of the Netherlands Branch of the International Law Association 2. This study aims at contributing to the not too extensive literature on the subject. 11. BACKGROUND One cannot consider law and justice without considering at the same time the people whom they concern. And people again cannot be imagined without feelings, political and social views, and economic interests. The law could not exist without such a background. The history of various acts of confiscation in the twentieth century proves the enormous importance of the back ground underlying these problems. Russian confiscations are in the light of the Bolshevist doctrine only becoming intelligible of revolution; the M exicanization of the oil industry is in keeping with Mexican social development preceding it; the confiscations which took place in Germany under the Nazi regime must be understood as the outcome of a certain ideology; unfortunately confiscations due to operations in time of war are self-explana tory. A single school of thought governs each one alike: rights of individuals are considered of less and less importance. It was not by chance that the infringement of private property, notably in the great political upheavals, often went hand in hand with a dedining interest in the protection of the individual freedom. Where the state infringes the proprietary rights of individuals, it will even more readily do the same as regards personal freedom.
Author: August Reinisch Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108882706 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 1633
Book Description
This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investment tribunals. It thus provides a basis for analysis, criticism, and stocktaking of the existing system of investment arbitration. It covers all main protection standards, such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, the non-discrimination standards of national treatment and MFN, the prohibition of unreasonable and discriminatory measures, umbrella clauses and transfer guarantees. These standards are covered in separate chapters providing an overview of textual variations, explaining the origin of the standards and analysing the main conceptual issues as developed by investment tribunals. Relevant cases with quotations that illustrate how tribunals have relied upon the standards are presented in depth. An extensive bibliography guides the reader to more specific aspects of each investment standard permitting the book's use as a commentary of the main investment protection standards.
Author: Aniruddha Rajput Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9403506253 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
Many investment arbitration cases involve a challenge to a regulatory measure of a host state on the basis of indirect expropriation. The practice of arbitral tribunals is diverse and unsettled. In recent years States have been trying to clarify the relationship between regulatory freedom (also known as 'police powers') and indirect expropriation by revising provisions on indirect expropriation in their investment treaties. This book provides the first focused analysis of indirect expropriation and regulatory freedom, drawing on a broad range of the jurisprudence of investment tribunals. The nature of regulatory freedom in international law has been explained on the bases of jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), dispute resolution bodies of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), European Court of Human Rights. While showing how cases involving standoff between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation can be resolved in practice, the book goes on to present a conceptual framework for interpreting the nuances of this relationship. The book provides a detailed responses to the following complex questions: • To what extent do states retain regulatory freedom after entering into investment treaties? • What is the scope of regulatory freedom in general public international law? • What are the elements of regulatory freedom and standard of review? • How to draw a dividing line between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation? • Whether the sole effects doctrine or the police powers is the appropriate method for distinguishing between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation? While addressing these questions, the author analyses different theoretical approaches that reflect upon the relationship between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation and how far they assist in understanding these potentially overlapping concepts; their relationship with each other; and the method for distinguishing between them. Given the dense network of around three thousand bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that impose an obligation to protect foreign investments in a State, this book will help practitioners identify, through analysis of cases from diverse fields, how a situation may be categorized either as regulatory freedom or as indirect expropriation. The analysis will also be of value to government officials and lawyers involved in negotiating and re-negotiating investment treaties, and to arbitrators who have to decide these issues. Scholars will welcome the book's keen insight into the contentious relationship between a customary international law norm and a treaty norm.
Author: Pedro J. Martinez-Fraga Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316272699 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 471
Book Description
This text explores how the public purpose doctrine reconciles the often conflicting, but equally binding, obligations that states have to engage in regulatory sovereignty while honoring host-state obligations to protect foreign investment. The work examines the multiple permutations and iterations of the public purpose doctrine and concludes that this principle needs to be reconceptualized to meet the imperatives of economic globalization and of a new paradigm of sovereignty that is based on the interdependence, and not independence, of states. It contends that the historical expression of the public purpose doctrine in customary and conventional international law is fraught with fundamental flaws that, if not corrected, will give rise to disparities in the relationship between investors and states, asymmetries with respect to industrialized nations and developing states, and, ultimately, process legitimacy concerns.
Author: Sebastián López Escarcena Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1782544119 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 295
Book Description
When does a state measure become subject to compensation as an indirect expropriation under international law? The author examines claims of indirect takings from such fora as the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, the European Court of Human Rights, and arbitral panels in investment treaty arbitrations.
Author: Johanne M. Cox Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 9780198804918 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of investors seeking compensation from states perceived to have expropriated their projects. Part of the Oxford International Arbitration Series, this book provides a comprehensive guide to expropriation and how it is applied in practice. The book begins by introducing the law of expropriation from a historical standpoint, charting some of the key decisions in the history of expropriation and how it has evolved to become an accepted principle in international law today. It then proceeds to offer a detailed examination of existing case law, from which common substantive principles of the international law on expropriation are drawn out. Relevant international cases from the ICJ, ECHR, Iran-US Tribunal, ICSID, NAFTA, and the ECT are considered to complement the focus on investment treaty arbitration. The book also examines the interplay between expropriation and other standards of treaty protection, namely fair and equitable treatment. The final chapters comment on current trends and assess the relevance of expropriation in the present day.
Author: Allahyar Mouri Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN: 0792326547 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 614
Book Description
This book deals with expropriation and other measures affecting property rights as set out in the awards of the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, and thus examines the relation between general international law and the "lex specialis," viz., the provisions of the Algiers Declarations and the Treaty of Amity between the Governments of Iran and the United States. It studies what rights have been considered as property rights capable of being independently expropriated or affected by other measures, and what rights have not been so qualified, although they might have been considered as forming an element of valuation. Furthermore, the liability and attributability issues are discussed, as are the methods of compensation and of valuation.
Author: Jörg Kammerhofer Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108839177 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 391
Book Description
A theoretical analysis of the structure of expropriation in investment law, investigating the foundations for contemporary scholarship and practice.
Author: Samy Friedman
Author: Samy Friedman
Author: Pieter Adriaanse
Author: August Reinisch
Author: Aniruddha Rajput
Author: Ben Atkinson Wortley
Author: Pedro J. Martinez-Fraga
Author: Sebastián López Escarcena
Author: Johanne M. Cox
Author: Allahyar Mouri
Author: Jörg Kammerhofer