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Author: John Magnuson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medicine Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, US military personnel have suffered over 333,000 traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), with over 85% being mild TBI. A variety of improvised munitions, such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and improvised rocket assisted mortars (IRAMs), have resulted in the explosive blast-induced TBI (bTBI). Due to its prevalence, TBI has been referred to as the signature wound of US warfighters in Afghanistan and Iraq. Explosive blast produces damage to the brain by creating a dynamic environment in forms of overpressure shock wave, heat impulse, blast-propelled projectiles, and debris, whose impact can cause complex injuries in the brain and other visceral organ systems, such as lung and bowel. Mechanisms of bTBI incorporate all forms of TBI such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, and coup-contrecoup injury. Some of the unique aspects of bTBI include the rate at which the injury occurs, the differential pressure load on and within the tissue, and the pressure-loaded tissue response. Mild bTBI is the most problematic injury within the US military in terms of number of warfighters affected and recognition of the injury. The pathobiology of mild bTBI is not fully understood. Here, we review mild bTBI injury, symptomology, and diagnosis. Finally, multi-modality testing is discussed, including functional, structural, and evidence-based evaluation with an intention to describe and diagnose mild bTBI affecting the US warfighter.
Author: John Magnuson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medicine Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, US military personnel have suffered over 333,000 traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), with over 85% being mild TBI. A variety of improvised munitions, such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and improvised rocket assisted mortars (IRAMs), have resulted in the explosive blast-induced TBI (bTBI). Due to its prevalence, TBI has been referred to as the signature wound of US warfighters in Afghanistan and Iraq. Explosive blast produces damage to the brain by creating a dynamic environment in forms of overpressure shock wave, heat impulse, blast-propelled projectiles, and debris, whose impact can cause complex injuries in the brain and other visceral organ systems, such as lung and bowel. Mechanisms of bTBI incorporate all forms of TBI such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, and coup-contrecoup injury. Some of the unique aspects of bTBI include the rate at which the injury occurs, the differential pressure load on and within the tissue, and the pressure-loaded tissue response. Mild bTBI is the most problematic injury within the US military in terms of number of warfighters affected and recognition of the injury. The pathobiology of mild bTBI is not fully understood. Here, we review mild bTBI injury, symptomology, and diagnosis. Finally, multi-modality testing is discussed, including functional, structural, and evidence-based evaluation with an intention to describe and diagnose mild bTBI affecting the US warfighter.
Author: Raj K. Narayan Publisher: McGraw-Hill ISBN: 9780070456624 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1558
Book Description
This reference is a comprehensive work in the field of neurotrauma and critical care. It incorporates the fields of head injury, spinal injury and basic neurotrauma research into one source. The major emphasis is on the treatment of patients with head and spinal cord injury, including the management of all other problems that bear upon the care of these patients.
Author: Nikolai Gorbunov Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789231167 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) syndrome has emerged as a serious health concern worldwide due to the severity of outcomes and growing socioeconomic impacts of the diseases, e.g., high cost of long-term medical care and loss of quality of life. This book focuses on the TBI pathobiology as well as on the recent developments in advanced diagnostics and acute management. The presented topics encompass personal experience and visions of the chapter contributors as well as an extensive analysis of the TBI literature. The book is addressed to a broad audience of readers from students to practicing clinicians.
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466565993 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 718
Book Description
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Author: Daniel Laskowitz Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498766579 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Author: Kevin Wang Publisher: ISBN: 0190279435 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 529
Book Description
Neurotrauma: A Comprehensive Textbook on Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury aims to bring together the latest clinical practice and research in the field of two forms of trauma to the central nervous system: namely traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). This volume details the latest research and clinical practice in the treatment of neurotrauma, in a comprehensive but easy-to-follow format. Neurotrauma is a valuable resource for any clinician involved in caring for the TBI, clinical research professionals, researchers, medical and graduate students, and nurse specialists.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309210089 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781702765015 Category : Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has become a major health concern in the U.S. Army. Since October 2001, over 2.6 million service members have deployed in support of combat operations, where TBI, primarily caused by blast, has been underreported and underdiagnosed. The Department of Defense (DoD) reports that nearly 384,000 service members serving in the Global War on Terror have suffered a TBI, classifying eighty two percent as mild TBI (mTBI). Labeled an "invisible wound," mTBI has proven difficult to both prevent and diagnose. In addition, blast injuries further complicate mTBI diagnosis, adding to the problem's complexity. In this light, protecting soldiers from blast-induced TBI (bTBI) has attracted attention from the public, senior DoD officials, and the government. The DoD has funded studies to help medical professionals diagnose bTBI and help identify its associated effects in order to treat those injured and return them to service. As the Army races to test and field new equipment to better protect soldiers, diagnosing mTBI, especially those induced by blast, remains a problem for health professionals and the Army at large. Thus, further research is needed that will spark new strategies to help alleviate blast-induced brain injuries and their ramifications in soldier's lives.This compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.1. Introduction * Background: TBI Defined * Background: History of TBI * Literature Review * Methodology * 2. Department of Defense (DoD) Milestones * Incremental improvements since 2005 * TBI screening * Blast Physics * Neurological Impairments * Mechanism for Blast Transport * Three possible pathways to the brain * Theories of how blast-induced brain damage occurs * Causes include the recoilless rifle * 3. Distinctive bTBI Characteristics * bTBI and Disease Risk * bTBI injuries correlate with incidents of PTSD * Combat MOSs show disproportional rates of mTBI * Blood test helps identify TBI * Prognosis and Recovery * 4. Treatment for TBI * TBI and Long-Term Health or Disability Outcomes * Challenges and Issues * Soldier Protection from Blast * Combat helmet improvements * Development of robotic teammates * 5. Analysis and Recommendations * Analysis * RecommendationsFor hundreds of thousands of soldiers who have served in the U.S. Army since the beginning of the Global War on Terror (GWOT), the likelihood of suffering a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) during active duty has changed from a statistical possibility to a personal, often life-changing reality. Since October 2001, over two million service members have deployed in support of combat operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria; of those, studies show that up to twenty-three percent - or more than 380,000 - have suffered a TBI of some degree or category. As mounting health issues have accompanied service members returning home, concern from soldier's loved ones, the medical community, and U.S. governmental agencies has risen as well. In response, independent study groups, task forces, and a Presidential Commission in 2012 were formed to study the effects of TBI and make recommendations.
Author: Jun Chen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1603271856 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
Despite numerous recent studies and exciting discoveries in the field, only limited treatment is available today for the victims of acute neurological injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries provides a standardized methodology manual designed to eliminate the inconsistent preparations and variability that currently jeopardizes advances in the field. Contributed by top experts and many original developers of the models, each chapter contains a step-by-step, proven procedure and visual aids covering the most commonly used animal models of neurological injury in order to highlight the practical applications of animal models rather than the theoretical issues. This intensive volume presents its readily reproducible protocols with great clarity and consistency to best aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists in laboratory testing and experimentation. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries is an ideal guide for scientists and researchers who wish to pursue this vital course of study with the proficiency and precision that the field requires.
Author: John Magnuson
Author: John Magnuson
Author: Raj K. Narayan
Author: Nikolai Gorbunov
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy
Author: Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Author: Kevin Wang
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: U. S. Military
Author: Jun Chen