Excitations in a Bose-condensed Liquid PDF Download

Author: Allan Griffin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521432715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322

View

Book Description
This volume gives an up-to-date, systematic account of the microscopic theory of Bose-condensed fluids developed since the late 1950s. In contrast to the usual phenomenological discussions of superfluid 4He, the present treatment is built on the pivotal role of the Bose broken symmetry and a Bose condensate. The many-body formalism is developed, with emphasis on the one- and two-particle Green's functions and their relation to the density response function. These are all coupled together by the Bose broken symmetry, which provides the basis for understanding the elementary excitations and response functions in the hydrodynamic and collisionless regions. It also explains the difference between excitations in the superfluid and normal phases. Chapter 4 gives the first critical assessment of the experimental evidence for a Bose condensate in liquid 4He, based on high-momentum neutron scattering data.

Author: Allan Griffin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139473832
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475

View

Book Description
The discovery of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in trapped ultracold atomic gases in 1995 has led to an explosion of theoretical and experimental research on the properties of Bose-condensed dilute gases. The first treatment of BEC at finite temperatures, this book presents a thorough account of the theory of two-component dynamics and nonequilibrium behaviour in superfluid Bose gases. It uses a simplified microscopic model to give a clear, explicit account of collective modes in both the collisionless and collision-dominated regions. Major topics such as kinetic equations, local equilibrium and two-fluid hydrodynamics are introduced at an elementary level. Explicit predictions are worked out and linked to experiments. Providing a platform for future experimental and theoretical studies on the finite temperature dynamics of trapped Bose gases, this book is ideal for researchers and graduate students in ultracold atom physics, atomic, molecular and optical physics and condensed matter physics.

Author: Toyoyuki Kitamura
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0124071708
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 401

View

Book Description
A glass is disordered material like a viscous liquid and behaves mechanically like a solid. A glass is normally formed by supercooling the viscous liquid fast enough to avoid crystallization, and the liquid-glass transition occurs in diverse manners depending on the materials, their history, and the supercooling processes, among other factors. The glass transition in colloids, molecular systems, and polymers is studied worldwide. This book presents a unified theory of the liquid-glass transition on the basis of the two band model from statistical quantum field theory associated with the temperature Green's function method. It is firmly original in its approach and will be of interest to researchers and students specializing in the glass transition across the physical sciences. - Examines key theoretical problems of the liquid-glass transition and related phenomena - Clarifies the mechanism and the framework of the liquid-glass transition

Author: Joseph S. King
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113499589X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 465

View

Book Description
This volume is the result of the third Appalachian Conference on Behavioral Neurodynamics which focused on the problem of scale in conscious experience. Set against the philosophical view of "eliminative materialism," the purpose of this conference was to facilitate communication among investigators who approach the study of consciousness and conscious phenomena from a variety of analytical levels. One speculative outcome of the conference is that the columnar arrangement within primary sensory cortices may provide the local isolation necessary for nonlocal interactions to occur. In addition, the relationship between unit activity and field potentials within a circumscribed region of cortex may provide the other enigmatic aspect of neurophysiological nonlocality, namely, the common context in the macro scale. So instead of a problem looking for a solution, scale becomes a solution to a problem. Only further research will determine the utility of the ideas expressed here.

Author: R. Kaiser
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540453385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 717

View

Book Description
Progress in atomic physics has been so vigorous during the past decade that one is hard pressed to follow all the new developments. In the early 1990s the first atom interferometers opened a new field in which we have been able to use the wave nature of atoms to probe fundamental quantum me chanics questions as well as to make precision measurements. Coming fast on the heels of this development was the demonstration of Bose Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapors which intensified research interest in studying the wave nature of matter, especially in a domain in which "macro scopic" quantum effects (vortices, stimulated scattering of atomic beams) are visible. At the same time there has been much progress in our understanding of the behavior of waves (notably electromagnetic) in complex media, both periodic and disordered. An obvious topic of speculation and probably of future research is whether any new insight or applications will develop if one examines the behavior of de Broglie waves in analogous situations. Finally, our ability to manipulate atoms has allowed us not only to create macroscopically occupied quantum states but also to exercise fine control over the quantum states of a small number of atoms. This has advanced to the study of quantum entanglement and its relation to the theory of measurement and the theory of information. The 1990s have also seen an explosion of interest in an exciting potential application of this fine control: quantum computation and quantum cryptography.

Author: Keith Burnett (Ed); Mark Edwar
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 0788137409
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 213

View

Book Description
Among the most remarkable effects that quantum mechanics adds to the catalog of the thermal properties of matter is "condensation" of an ideal gas of identical particles into a single quantum state, the principle of which was discovered in the theory of statistical mechanics by Bose and Einstein in the 1920s. Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a mechanism for producing a macroscopic quantum system, and is exemplary of the macroscopic quantum phenomena of superconductivity and superfluidity.These 15 papers provide an introduction to current work on BEC.

Author: Franz Schwabl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540850627
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413

View

Book Description
Characteristic of Schwabl’s work, this volume features a compelling mathematical presentation in which all intermediate steps are derived and where numerous examples for application and exercises help the reader to gain a thorough working knowledge of the subject. The treatment of relativistic wave equations and their symmetries and the fundamentals of quantum field theory lay the foundations for advanced studies in solid-state physics, nuclear and elementary particle physics. New material has been added to this third edition.

Author: Tord Claeson
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789812383532
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 590

View

Book Description
In 2001, the Nobel Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize, and all previous Nobel laureates were invited to attend the Nobel ceremonies in Stockholm. This gave an excellent opportunity for arranging jubilee symposia with topics that would attract several of the laureates. The chosen subject of ?Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Systems? attracted sixteen Nobel laureates and another thirty-five leading scientists.The idea was to bring scientists together from several related subdisciplines: atomic physics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics, for cross-breeding of ideas, concepts, and experience. Subjects like phase transitions in strongly coupled systems, Bose-Einstein condensation in weakly coupled systems, macroscopic quantum phenomena, coherence in mesoscopic structures, and quantum information were intensively discussed from different points of view. Coherence phenomena in condensed systems were emphasized. A special session was devoted to the emerging field of quantum computing, with experimental and theoretical results reported for different types of qu-bits. The 2001 Nobel Prize awarded to Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman, ?for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates,? gave an extra flavor to the theme of the Centennial Symposium.

Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080462545
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 485

View

Book Description
This volume of Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics celebrates and honors the work and life of Professor Herbert Walther. Areas of emphasis include quantum optics, in general, and BEC, atomic coherence, quantum interference, etc. in particular. - Pulls vast amount of information together in cohesive, easy to understand manner - Written by people who know and are familiar with Herbert Walther's work - Comprehensive articles - New developments

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 950

View

Book Description
Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.