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Author: Alessandro Gino Guiseppe Filazzola Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Deserts are ecologically important ecosystems that contain high levels of endemism and that are sensitive to global change. Positive interactions among plants have been cited as factors that support desert biodiversity by buffering against climate variability. However, there is limited understanding on the underlying mechanisms that determine positive plant interactions. Herein, we proposed a conceptual framework that describes multiple mechanisms of facilitation among plants. We then empirically tested in multiple deserts of California the different facilitation mechanisms in the context of extreme climate events, multiple stressors, and spatial gradients. We also conducted species distribution modelling to assess the role of positive interactions in expanding the niche and geographic range of beneficiary species. We expanded upon the previous literature by describing six mechanisms of facilitation and two meta-mechanisms. We found in experimentation that shrubs can buffer against extreme drought using the described mechanisms, but that facilitation effects are strongest at intermediate or low levels of abiotic stress. The shrub species used was found to deter herbivory and ameliorate abiotic stress, but not increase soil moisture. We also found shrub facilitation to be species specific and typically increased the biomass of plant species with more competitive traits. Consequently, non-native species were found to be frequently facilitated and shrubs were observed to have lower species richness. Positive interactions were determined to increase the geographic range of annual plant species that have been previously reported as facilitated in the literature. We challenged previous research that suggests positive interactions increase linearly with abiotic stress and that facilitation can buffer against climate variability. Shrubs were determined to be significant foundation species in these desert ecosystems supporting annual productivity and the unique occurrence of annual species. However, these interactions are more sensitive to global change than previously thought and could collapse at environmental extremes. The proposed framework and experiments provides better understanding into the predictability of positive plant interactions and an opportunity for future applied research into the restoration and conservation of desert ecosystems.
Author: Alessandro Gino Guiseppe Filazzola Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Deserts are ecologically important ecosystems that contain high levels of endemism and that are sensitive to global change. Positive interactions among plants have been cited as factors that support desert biodiversity by buffering against climate variability. However, there is limited understanding on the underlying mechanisms that determine positive plant interactions. Herein, we proposed a conceptual framework that describes multiple mechanisms of facilitation among plants. We then empirically tested in multiple deserts of California the different facilitation mechanisms in the context of extreme climate events, multiple stressors, and spatial gradients. We also conducted species distribution modelling to assess the role of positive interactions in expanding the niche and geographic range of beneficiary species. We expanded upon the previous literature by describing six mechanisms of facilitation and two meta-mechanisms. We found in experimentation that shrubs can buffer against extreme drought using the described mechanisms, but that facilitation effects are strongest at intermediate or low levels of abiotic stress. The shrub species used was found to deter herbivory and ameliorate abiotic stress, but not increase soil moisture. We also found shrub facilitation to be species specific and typically increased the biomass of plant species with more competitive traits. Consequently, non-native species were found to be frequently facilitated and shrubs were observed to have lower species richness. Positive interactions were determined to increase the geographic range of annual plant species that have been previously reported as facilitated in the literature. We challenged previous research that suggests positive interactions increase linearly with abiotic stress and that facilitation can buffer against climate variability. Shrubs were determined to be significant foundation species in these desert ecosystems supporting annual productivity and the unique occurrence of annual species. However, these interactions are more sensitive to global change than previously thought and could collapse at environmental extremes. The proposed framework and experiments provides better understanding into the predictability of positive plant interactions and an opportunity for future applied research into the restoration and conservation of desert ecosystems.
Author: Francisco Pugnaire Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439824959 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Ever since the concept of the "struggle for life" became the heart of Darwin's theory of evolution, biologists have studied the relevance of interactions for the natural history and evolution of organisms. Although positive interactions among plants have traditionally received little attention, there is now a growing body of evidence showing the ef
Author: Ragan M. Callaway Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402062249 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 419
Book Description
This book marshals ecological literature from the last century on facilitation to make the case against the widely accepted individualistic notion of community organization. It examines the idea that positive interactions are more prevalent in physically stressful conditions. Coverage also includes species specificity in facilitative interactions, indirect facilitative interactions, and potential evolutionary aspects of positive interactions.
Author: Jane Noeleen Prider Publisher: ISBN: Category : Plant competition Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
Proposes that the overall outcome of plant interactions along a temporal gradient of resource availability changes from positive during interpulses to negative during pulses. Examines negative interactions between 4 co-dominant chenopod scrubs in arid Acacia papyrocarpa woodlands. Negative interactions were more intense when conditions were least productive. Positive interactions between seedlings also changed over time, depending on the facilitation mechanism. Plant interactions seem to be most intense at the beginning of interpulses when plants are competing for diminishing water, or survivorship is enhanced in the favorable microsites provided by other plants. Later in the interpulse, interactions become less intense as conditions become more stressful and therefore survivorship and growth are affected more by abiotic conditions than plant interactions.
Author: H. Scott Butterfield Publisher: Island Press ISBN: 1642831263 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
As the world population grows, so does the demand for food, putting unprecedented pressure on agricultural lands. In many desert dryland regions, however, intensive cultivation is causing their productivity to decline precipitously. "Rewilding" the least productive of these landscapes offers a sensible way to reverse the damage, recover natural diversity, and ensure long-term sustainability of remaining farms and the communities they support. This accessibly written, groundbreaking contributed volume is the first to examine in detail what it would take to retire eligible farmland and restore functioning natural ecosystems. The lessons in Rewilding Agricultural Landscapes will be useful to conservation leaders, policymakers, groundwater agencies, and water managers looking for inspiration and practical advice for solving the complicated issues of agricultural sustainability and water management.
Author: Matt Candeias Publisher: Mango Media Inc. ISBN: 1642504548 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
The Study of Plants in a Whole New Light “Matt Candeias succeeds in evoking the wonder of plants with wit and wisdom.” ―James T. Costa, PhD, executive director, Highlands Biological Station and author of Darwin's Backyard #1 New Release in Nature & Ecology, Plants, Botany, Horticulture, Trees, Biological Sciences, and Nature Writing & Essays In his debut book, internationally-recognized blogger and podcaster Matt Candeias celebrates the nature of plants and the extraordinary world of plant organisms. A botanist’s defense. Since his early days of plant restoration, this amateur plant scientist has been enchanted with flora and the greater environmental ecology of the planet. Now, he looks at the study of plants through the lens of his ever-growing houseplant collection. Using gardening, houseplants, and examples of plants around you, In Defense of Plants changes your relationship with the world from the comfort of your windowsill. The ruthless, horny, and wonderful nature of plants. Understand how plants evolve and live on Earth with a never-before-seen look into their daily drama. Inside, Candeias explores the incredible ways plants live, fight, have sex, and conquer new territory. Whether a blossoming botanist or a professional plant scientist, In Defense of Plants is for anyone who sees plants as more than just static backdrops to more charismatic life forms. In this easily accessible introduction to the incredible world of plants, you’ll find: • Fantastic botanical histories and plant symbolism • Passionate stories of flora diversity and scientific names of plant organisms • Personal tales of plantsman discovery through the study of plants If you enjoyed books like The Botany of Desire, What a Plant Knows, or The Soul of an Octopus, then you’ll love In Defense of Plants.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ecology Languages : en Pages : 608
Book Description
Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.
Author: Alan Hastings Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520269659 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 848
Book Description
"A bold and successful attempt to illustrate the theoretical foundations of all of the subdisciplines of ecology, including basic and applied, and extending through biophysical, population, community, and ecosystem ecology. Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology is a compendium of clear and concise essays by the intellectual leaders across this vast breadth of knowledge."--Harold Mooney, Stanford University "A remarkable and indispensable reference work that also is flexible enough to provide essential readings for a wide variety of courses. A masterful collection of authoritative papers that convey the rich and fundamental nature of modern theoretical ecology."--Simon A. Levin, Princeton University "Theoretical ecologists exercise their imaginations to make sense of the astounding complexity of both real and possible ecosystems. Imagining a real or possible topic left out of the Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology has proven just as challenging. This comprehensive compendium demonstrates that theoretical ecology has become a mature science, and the volume will serve as the foundation for future creativity in this area."--Fred Adler, University of Utah "The editors have assembled an outstanding group of contributors who are a great match for their topics. Sometimes the author is a key, authoritative figure in a field; and at other times, the author has enough distance to convey all sides of a subject. The next time you need to introduce ecology students to a theoretical topic, you'll be glad to have this encyclopedia on your bookshelf."--Stephen Ellner, Cornell University “Everything you wanted to know about theoretical ecology, and much that you didn’t know you needed to know but will now! Alan Hastings and Louis Gross have done us a great service by bringing together in very accessible form a huge amount of information about a broad, complicated, and expanding field.”--Daniel Simberloff, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Author: Russell K. Monson Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781461475002 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In this book, plant biology is considered from the perspective of plants and their surrounding environment, including both biotic and abiotic interactions. The intended audience is undergraduate students in the middle or final phases of their programs of study. Topics are developed to provide a rudimentary understanding of how plant-environment interactions span multiple spatiotemporal scales, and how this rudimentary knowledge can be applied to understand the causes of ecosystem vulnerabilities in the face of global climate change and expansion of natural resource use by human societies. In all chapters connections are made from smaller to larger scales of ecological organization, providing a foundation for understanding plant ecology. Where relevant, environmental threats to ecological systems are identified and future research needs are discussed. As future generations take on the responsibility for managing ecosystem goods and services, one of the most effective resources that can be passed on is accumulated knowledge of how organisms, populations, species, communities and ecosystems function and interact across scales of organization. This book is intended to provide some of that knowledge, and hopefully provide those generations with the ability to avoid some of the catastrophic environmental mistakes that prior generations have made.
Author: Alessandro Gino Guiseppe Filazzola
Author: Alessandro Gino Guiseppe Filazzola
Author: Francisco Pugnaire
Author: Ragan M. Callaway
Author: Jane Noeleen Prider
Author: J. Bastow Wilson
Author: H. Scott Butterfield
Author: Matt Candeias
Author: 
Author: Alan Hastings
Author: Russell K. Monson