Evolution and Individuality; Beyond the Genetically Homogeneous Organism PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Evolution and Individuality; Beyond the Genetically Homogeneous Organism PDF full book. Access full book title Evolution and Individuality; Beyond the Genetically Homogeneous Organism by Henry Joseph Folse (III.). Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Henry Joseph Folse (III.) Publisher: Stanford University ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
In the first chapter, we argue that an individual organism ought not to be defined in terms of genetic homogeneity, but rather by the evolutionary criteria of the alignment of fitness interests, the export of fitness due to interdependence for survival and reproduction, and adaptive functional organization. We consider how these concepts apply to various putative individual organisms, review the costs and benefits of intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity, and demonstrate that high relatedness is neither necessary nor sufficient for individuality. In the second chapter, we model the benefits and costs of genetic mosaicism for a long-lived tree in coevolution with a short-lived pest. We demonstrate benefits of mosaicism for trees at both the individual and population levels when somatic mutation introduces new defenses. In the third chapter, we develop a game theoretic model of the decision to reject or fuse with a potential partner in a colonial ascidian, based on weighing costs and benefits of fusion. We find that once fused, the interactions between cell lineages are cooperative in the soma, but competitive in the germline.
Author: Henry Joseph Folse (III.) Publisher: Stanford University ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
In the first chapter, we argue that an individual organism ought not to be defined in terms of genetic homogeneity, but rather by the evolutionary criteria of the alignment of fitness interests, the export of fitness due to interdependence for survival and reproduction, and adaptive functional organization. We consider how these concepts apply to various putative individual organisms, review the costs and benefits of intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity, and demonstrate that high relatedness is neither necessary nor sufficient for individuality. In the second chapter, we model the benefits and costs of genetic mosaicism for a long-lived tree in coevolution with a short-lived pest. We demonstrate benefits of mosaicism for trees at both the individual and population levels when somatic mutation introduces new defenses. In the third chapter, we develop a game theoretic model of the decision to reject or fuse with a potential partner in a colonial ascidian, based on weighing costs and benefits of fusion. We find that once fused, the interactions between cell lineages are cooperative in the soma, but competitive in the germline.
Author: Scott Lidgard Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022644659X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
Individuals are things that everybody knows—or thinks they do. Yet even scholars who practice or analyze the biological sciences often cannot agree on what an individual is and why. One reason for this disagreement is that the many important biological individuality concepts serve very different purposes—defining, classifying, or explaining living structure, function, interaction, persistence, or evolution. Indeed, as the contributors to Biological Individuality reveal, nature is too messy for simple definitions of this concept, organisms too quirky in the diverse ways they reproduce, function, and interact, and human ideas about individuality too fraught with philosophical and historical meaning. Bringing together biologists, historians, and philosophers, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of biological individuality that identifies leading and less familiar perceptions of individuality both past and present, what they are good for, and in what contexts. Biological practice and theory recognize individuals at myriad levels of organization, from genes to organisms to symbiotic systems. We depend on these notions of individuality to address theoretical questions about multilevel natural selection and Darwinian fitness; to illuminate empirical questions about development, function, and ecology; to ground philosophical questions about the nature of organisms and causation; and to probe historical and cultural circumstances that resonate with parallel questions about the nature of society. Charting an interdisciplinary research agenda that broadens the frameworks in which biological individuality is discussed, this book makes clear that in the realm of the individual, there is not and should not be a direct path from biological paradigms based on model organisms through to philosophical generalization and historical reification.
Author: Leo W. Buss Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400858712 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
Leo Buss expounds a general theory of development through a simple hierarchical extension of the synthetic theory of evolution. He perceives innovations in development to have evolved in ancestral organisms where the germ line was not closed to genetic variation arising during the course of ontogeny. Originally published in 1988. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Snait B. Gissis Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262036851 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
Broad perspective on collectivity in the life sciences, from microorganisms to human consensus, and the theoretical and empirical opportunities and challenges. Many researchers and scholars in the life sciences have become increasingly critical of the traditional methodological focus on the individual. This volume counters such methodological individualism by exploring recent and influential work in the life sciences that utilizes notions of collectivity, sociality, rich interactions, and emergent phenomena as essential explanatory tools to handle numerous persistent scientific questions in the life sciences. The contributors consider case studies of collectivity that range from microorganisms to human consensus, discussing theoretical and empirical challenges and the innovative methods and solutions scientists have devised. The contributors offer historical, philosophical, and biological perspectives on collectivity, and describe collective phenomena seen in insects, the immune system, communication, and human collectivity, with examples ranging from cooperative transport in the longhorn crazy ant to the evolution of autobiographical memory. They examine ways of explaining collectivity, including case studies and modeling approaches, and explore collectivity's explanatory power. They present a comprehensive look at a specific case of collectivity: the Holobiont notion (the idea of a multi-species collective, a host and diverse microorganisms) and the hologenome theory (which posits that the holobiont and its hologenome are a unit of adaption). The volume concludes with reflections on the work of the late physicist Eshel Ben-Jacob, pioneer in the study of collective phenomena in living systems. Contributors Oren Bader, John Beatty, Dinah R. Davison, Daniel Dor, Ofer Feinerman, Raghavendra Gadagkar, Scott F. Gilbert, Snait B. Gissis, Deborah M. Gordon, James Griesemer, Zachariah I. Grochau-Wright, Erik R. Hanschen, Eva Jablonka, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Anat Kolumbus, Ehud Lamm, Herbert Levine, Arnon Levy, Xue-Fei Li, Elisabeth A. Lloyd, Yael Lubin, Eva Maria Luef, Ehud Meron, Richard E. Michod, Samir Okasha, Simone Pika, Joan Roughgarden, Eugene Rosenberg, Ayelet Shavit, Yael Silver, Alfred I. Tauber, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
Author: John Maynard Smith Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019850294X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
During evolution there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies. This is the first book to discuss all these major transitions and their implications for our understanding of evolution.Clearly written and illustrated with many original diagrams, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and genetics.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309069882 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 610
Book Description
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Author: George Christopher Williams Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691185506 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
Biological evolution is a fact—but the many conflicting theories of evolution remain controversial even today. When Adaptation and Natural Selection was first published in 1966, it struck a powerful blow against those who argued for the concept of group selection—the idea that evolution acts to select entire species rather than individuals. Williams’s famous work in favor of simple Darwinism over group selection has become a classic of science literature, valued for its thorough and convincing argument and its relevance to many fields outside of biology. Now with a new foreword by Richard Dawkins, Adaptation and Natural Selection is an essential text for understanding the nature of scientific debate.
Author: Henry Joseph Folse (III.)
Author: Henry Joseph Folse (III.)
Author: Scott Lidgard
Author: Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh
Author: Jack Wilson
Author: Leo W. Buss
Author: Snait B. Gissis
Author: Jan Christiaan Smuts
Author: John Maynard Smith
Author: National Research Council
Author: George Christopher Williams