Scale Control in Sea Water Evaporators PDF Download

Author: Stewart F. Mulford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evaporators
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: ARMOUR RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHICAGO ILL.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27

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A short summary is given of conclusions and concepts resulting from the operation of the experimental sea water evaporator. The components of Navy boiler compound and starch have been tested with normal sea water using the laboratory experimental evaporator. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of starch in the pretreatment of sea water is the reduction of calcium sulfate content and adherency. Four campaigns using the partial decarbonation of sea water prior to low-pressure evaporation were conducted. It appears that the reduction in scaling achieved through preliminary decarbonation is roughly propositional to the reduction in carbon dioxide content, and that a further decrease in scaling is obtained by filtration of the decarbonated feed. (Modified author abstract).

Author: ARMOUR RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHICAGO ILL.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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The report includes the analyses of several samples of scale from sea water evaporators of different types, a description of the experimental sea water evaporator installed and now in operation at Armour Research Foundation, a report on the chemical changes found in sea water which had been stored in barrels for eighteen months, and the experimental data from completely recycled evaporation runs in the experimental unit. (Modified author abstract).

Author: Armour Research Foundation (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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A review and summary of the basic chemistry of the formation and deposition of scale from evaporating sea water shows that the equilibrium solubility product relations of the scale constituents are of secondary importance in the prediction and evaluation of scaling rates. The quantity of scale actually deposited on the heated surfaces depends additionally upon those factors of chemical content and physical operation which determine the relative proportion of each scaling constituent. Using data obtained by operating the experimental evaporator previously described, the relations between scalling rates and the physical factors of operation are found. The corrosion of the copper-nickel and bronze alloys of the experimental evaporator is briefly reviewed. The sea water additives, Navy Boiler Compound-plus-starch and Belloid T-D have been tested using normal sea water in the experimental evaporator. Scale remaining after such treatment was reduced. It is concluded that the concept of preconcentration, developed in the preceding report, may be used with increased brine velocities, to reduce scaling rates in sea water evaporators of all types. (Modified author abstract).

Author: ARMOUR RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHICAGO ILL.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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The heat balance equation for the experimental sea water evaporator is developed for atmospheric evaporation, and the overall coefficients of heat transfer are presented. The major components of sea-water evaporator scale are identified. The physical deposition of suspended scale constituents is shown to affect all scale constituents, and to be more greatly influenced by brine velocity than by temperature gradient. The role of calcium sulfate as a cementing agent is discussed. The mechanism of carbonate scale formation is reviewed. A simple modification of present evaporator design is suggested to minimize the formation of carbonates. The velocity of scale deposition is influenced by operating factors other than those which proportionately affect the rate of distillation. It is therefore suggested that the use of 'scaling rates, ' - weight of scale per unit volume of distillate, be implemented by scale analyses or by a description of these operating factors in the evaluation of sea water scales. Recommendations for further research are presented. (Modified author abstract).

Author: Charles R. Price
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seawater
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Author: Zahid Amjad
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444627529
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 785

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Mineral Scales and Deposits: Scientific and Technological Approaches presents, in an integrated way, the problem of scale deposits (precipitation/crystallization of sparingly-soluble salts) in aqueous systems, both industrial and biological. It covers several fundamental aspects, also offering an applications' perspective, with the ultimate goal of helping the reader better understand the underlying mechanisms of scale formation, while also assisting the user/reader to solve scale-related challenges. It is ideal for scientists/experts working in academia, offering a number of crystal growth topics with an emphasis on mechanistic details, prediction modules, and inhibition/dispersion chemistry, amongst others. In addition, technologists, consultants, plant managers, engineers, and designers working in industry will find a field-friendly overview of scale-related challenges and technological options for their mitigation. - Provides a unique, detailed focus on scale deposits, includes the basic science and mechanisms of scale formation - Present a field-friendly overview of scale-related challenges and technological options for their mitigation - Correlates chemical structure to performance - Provides guidelines for easy assessment of a particular case, also including solutions - Includes an extensive list of industrial case studies for reference

Author: William H. Caines
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evaporators
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Author: United States. Office of Water Research and Technology
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Author: Stewart F. Mulford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Evaporators
Languages : en
Pages : 113

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