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Author: Carlos O. Reyes Barahona Publisher: ISBN: Category : Central America Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of recent U.S. strategy in Central America. Obviously, the scope is broad; however, the fact that one author is Honduran and the other recently served two years implementing U.S. military policy in Honduras brings some depth of experience to the task. In offering recommendations for U.S. strategy at the conclusion, the authors do so with a sense of humility as many distinguished government officials and analysts of U.S. strategy and Central American affairs have been working on this effort for many years. If the study prompts critical thinking and raises questions for further research, it has accomplished its purpose. The study begins with a short background of historical U.S. interests and involvements in Central America concluding with a review of current interests and threats to those interests. Then, the Carter and Reagan administration strategies are described and evaluated. The study concludes with the authors' recommendations for U.S. strategy in Central America.
Author: Carlos O. Reyes Barahona Publisher: ISBN: Category : Central America Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of recent U.S. strategy in Central America. Obviously, the scope is broad; however, the fact that one author is Honduran and the other recently served two years implementing U.S. military policy in Honduras brings some depth of experience to the task. In offering recommendations for U.S. strategy at the conclusion, the authors do so with a sense of humility as many distinguished government officials and analysts of U.S. strategy and Central American affairs have been working on this effort for many years. If the study prompts critical thinking and raises questions for further research, it has accomplished its purpose. The study begins with a short background of historical U.S. interests and involvements in Central America concluding with a review of current interests and threats to those interests. Then, the Carter and Reagan administration strategies are described and evaluated. The study concludes with the authors' recommendations for U.S. strategy in Central America.
Author: Mark B. Rosenberg Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135904553 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
This book is a concise overview of the recent history of U.S.-Central American relations. Part of the Contemporary Inter-American Relations series edited by Jorge Dominguez and Rafael Fernandez de Castro, it focuses on the relations between the U.S. and this region since the end of the Cold War. The volume considers economic relations between the two regions, presenting pertinent information on the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). It also looks at political issues such as military cooperation, security issues, the drug trade and organized crime, democracy in the region, and migration. Finally, it concludes with an assessment of the direction US-Central American relations are taking at present, moving beyond the black-and-white challenges of Soviet domination in the region to address post-9/11 security concerns. The United States and Central America will be of interest to students and scholars of foreign policy, Latin American politics and politics and international relations in general.
Author: United States. Government Accountability Office Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economic assistance, American Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
The United States has provided assistance to the Northern Triangle of Central America for many years to address poverty, weak governance, and insecurity. Introduced in 2014, and updated in 2017, the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America (Strategy) supports the objectives of improving prosperity, governance, and security. State coordinates implementation of the Strategy’s objectives among agencies. This report examines: (1) the projects the U.S. government has implemented from fiscal years 2013 through 2018 to support the Strategy’s objectives in the Northern Triangle, (2) what is known about project results, and (3) what is known about progress toward the objectives. GAO recommends that State collaborate with DOD and USDA to develop a comprehensive approach to monitoring and evaluation of projects that support Strategy objectives.
Author: Congressional Research Service Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781548408879 Category : Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
Central America has received renewed attention from U.S. policymakers over the past few years as the region has become a major transit corridor for illicit drugs and a significant source of irregular migration to the United States. These narcotics and migrant flows are the latest symptoms of deep-rooted challenges in several countries in the region, including widespread insecurity, fragile political and judicial systems, and high levels of poverty and unemployment. Although the Obama Administration and governments in the region launched new initiatives designed to improve conditions in Central America, the future of those efforts will depend on the decisions of the Trump Administration and the 115th Congress. U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America The Obama Administration determined it was in the national security interests of the United States to work with Central American governments to address conditions in the region. Accordingly, the Obama Administration launched a new, whole-of-government U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America. The new strategy takes a broader and more comprehensive approach than previous U.S. initiatives in the region and is based on the premise that efforts to promote prosperity, improve security, and strengthen governance are mutually reinforcing and of equal importance. The new strategy focuses primarily on the "northern triangle" countries of Central America-El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras-which face the greatest challenges. Nevertheless, it also provides an overarching framework for U.S. engagement with the other countries in the region: Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. The new U.S. strategy and the northern triangle governments' Alliance for Prosperity initiative have similar objectives and fund complementary efforts; however, they have prioritized different activities. Initial Funding and Conditions Congress has appropriated $1.4 billion to begin implementing the new Central America strategy, dividing the funds relatively equally among efforts to promote prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security. This figure includes $750 million appropriated in FY2016 and $655 million appropriated in FY2017 (through P.L. 114-113 and P.L. 115-31, respectively). Congress placed strict conditions on the aid, requiring the northern triangle governments to address a range of concerns, including border security, corruption, and human rights, to receive assistance. As a result of those legislative requirements, delays in the budget process, and congressional holds, most of the FY2016 funding did not begin to be delivered to Central America until early 2017. The State Department has yet to certify that any of the northern triangle countries have met the legislative requirements for FY2017. Future Appropriations and Other Policy Issues Congress is now considering President Trump's FY2018 budget request, which would cut funding for the Central America strategy by $195 million, or 30%, compared to the FY2017 estimate. As Congress deliberates on the future of the Central America strategy, it may examine a number of policy issues. These issues include the funding levels and strategy necessary to meet U.S. objectives; the extent to which Central American governments are demonstrating the political will to undertake domestic reforms; the utility of the conditions placed on assistance to Central America; and the potential implications of changes to U.S. immigration, trade, and drug control policies for U.S. objectives in the region.
Author: Nora Hamilton Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 042972196X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
In the early years of the recent Central American crisis, analysts often predicted a rapid, dramatic resolution—whether by revolutionary victory or through military intervention by the United States. The 1980s, however, have witnessed an intensification of conflicts with increasing U.S. involvement. Rather than standing at the brink of a sharp turning point, Central America is at an interim point in an evolving historical process. This text provides an assessment of this process and of its immediate and long-term implications for the region and for U.S.-Latin American relations. It focuses on the complex and contradictory effects of the Reagan administration's efforts to influence the Central American debate within the United States and to reestablish U.S. hegemony in the region itself. The first part of the book examines the development of various aspects of U.S. policy toward Central America. In particular, contributors discuss the interaction between the executive and legislative branches in shaping U.S. strategy, the implications for constitutional democracy of presidential control over foreign policymaking, the treatment of Central American refugees, the counterinsurgency strategy of "low intensity warfare," and the effects of U.S. policy on regional peace initiatives put forward by Mexico and other Latin American countries. In the second part, contributors analyze external pressures on Central American countries and regional dynamics. They begin with a discussion of the economic crisis—aggravated by conflicts in the region—and regional integration. Other topics include the ambiguous position of the Catholic church, Guatemala's "hidden war," "demonstration elections," the changing balance of forces in El Salvador, and the obstacles Nicaragua faces in constructing a new economic development model. Nora Hamilton is associate professor of political science and Linda Fuller is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Southern California. Jeffry A. Frie
Author: Tom J. Farer Publisher: Transaction Publishers ISBN: 9781412837040 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
In this collection of essays, Tom Farer examines critically the stand taken by U.S. foreign policy makers on such issues as right and left-wing dictatorships, revolution, human rights and national autonomy. In this fascinating manner, focusing sharp observations at times with polemical intent, Farer scrutinizes the key assumptions, including the "Soviet or revolutionary threat," which have guided American foreign policy for Latin America since the end of World War II. One central conviction is that changes in regimes rarely have objective significance for U.S. strategic interests properly conceived. Farer describes the grand strategy of the United States in Latin America (he sees very much the same strategic assumptions guiding U.S. policy throughout the Third World) as unrealistic and misguided in terms both of U.S. interests and ideals. He argues that America has over the years maneuvered itself into political, legal and moral dilemmas by disregarding or misunderstanding the internal dynamics of Latin American countries and their implications for U.S. interests and by seeing dangerous and irremedial hostility in all revolutionary movements. Against this tradition in U.S. policy, Farer advocates tactics and strategies he deems more consonant with the proper goals of U.S. policy and with Latin American needs and aspirations. His essays combine a sophisticated analysis of Latin American society with assessment of U.S. policy from legal, moral and strategic perspectives.
Author: PeterJ. Meyer Publisher: ISBN: 9781437979633 Category : Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
Central America faces significant security challenges. Criminal threats, fragile political and judicial systems, and social hardships such as poverty and unemployment contribute to widespread insecurity in the region. Consequently, improving security conditions in these countries is a difficult, multifaceted endeavor. Because U.S. drug demand contributes to regional security challenges and the consequences of citizen insecurity in Central America are potentially far-reaching, the U.S. is collaborating with countries in the region to implement and refine security efforts. Contents of this report: (1) Introduction; (2) Background: Scope of the Problem: Underlying Societal Conditions; Structural Weaknesses in Governance; Criminal Threats; (3) Efforts within Central America; (4) U.S. Policy: Background on Assistance to Central America; Central America Regional Security Initiative; (5) Additional Issues for Congressional Consideration: Funding Issues; Human Rights Concerns; Relation to Other U.S. Government Policies; (6) Outlook. Figures and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Author: James Stavridis Publisher: NDU Press ISBN: 0160870429 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Admiral James G. Stavridis, USN, reflects on his tenure as Commander of United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM). The first Admiral to command Southern Command, Admiral Stavridis broke with tradition from day one, discarding the customary military staff model and creating an innovative organization designed not solely to subdue adversaries, but ... to build durable and lasting partnerships. From his unique perspective as commander, Stavridis uses his personal style to describe his vision for the command's role in the Americas, making most of limited resources to create goodwill and mutual respect, while countering illegal drug trafficking, overcoming a dangerous insurgency in Colombia, and responding to humanitarian crises. He devotes chapters to USSOUTHCOM's role in nurturing institutional respect for human rights among military and security forces of the region, advancing health security, and supporting a new regional strategy to counter the increasing challenge of urban and transnational gang violence. Citing the hemisphere's common geography, culture, economy, and history, Stavridis makes a case for a common approach and strategy for defending our "shared home of the Americas" through an international, interagency, and private-public approach, all connected through coherent effective strategic communication--Publisher's description.
Author: Carlos O. Reyes Barahona
Author: Carlos O. Reyes Barahona
Author: Mark B. Rosenberg
Author: 
Author: United States. Government Accountability Office
Author: Congressional Research Service
Author: Nora Hamilton
Author: Tom J. Farer
Author: PeterJ. Meyer
Author: Walter F. Hahn
Author: James Stavridis