Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure / Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM) PDF Download

Author: Golla Eranna
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482232812
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
Silicon, as a single-crystal semiconductor, has sparked a revolution in the field of electronics and touched nearly every field of science and technology. Though available abundantly as silica and in various other forms in nature, silicon is difficult to separate from its chemical compounds because of its reactivity. As a solid, silicon is chemically inert and stable, but growing it as a single crystal creates many technological challenges. Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is one of the first books to cover the systematic growth of silicon single crystals and the complete evaluation of silicon, from sand to useful wafers for device fabrication. Written for engineers and researchers working in semiconductor fabrication industries, this practical text: Describes different techniques used to grow silicon single crystals Explains how grown single-crystal ingots become a complete silicon wafer for integrated-circuit fabrication Reviews different methods to evaluate silicon wafers to determine suitability for device applications Analyzes silicon wafers in terms of resistivity and impurity concentration mapping Examines the effect of intentional and unintentional impurities Explores the defects found in regular silicon-crystal lattice Discusses silicon wafer preparation for VLSI and ULSI processing Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is an essential reference for different approaches to the selection of the basic silicon-containing compound, separation of silicon as metallurgical-grade pure silicon, subsequent purification, single-crystal growth, and defects and evaluation of the deviations within the grown crystals.

Author: Debbie Stokes
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470065400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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Book Description
Offers a simple starting point to VPSEM, especially for new users, technicians and students containing clear, concise explanations Crucially, the principles and applications outlined in this book are completely generic: i.e. applicable to all types of VPSEM, irrespective of manufacturer. Information presented will enable reader to turn principles into practice Published in association with the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) -www.rms.org.uk

Author: Christophe Jean Delerue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662089033
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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Book Description
Provides the theoretical background needed by physicists, engineers and students to simulate nano-devices, semiconductor quantum dots and molecular devices. It presents in a unified way the theoretical concepts, the more recent semi-empirical and ab initio methods, and their application to experiments. The topics include quantum confinement, dielectric and optical properties, non-radiative processes, defects and impurities, and quantum transport. This guidebook not only provides newcomers with an accessible overview (requiring only basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics) but also provides active researchers with practical simulation tools.

Author: LE TIEC Yannick
Publisher: Lavoisier
ISBN: 2746289180
Category : Chemical detectors
Languages : en
Pages : 386

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Book Description
La microélectronique est un monde complexe dans lequel plusieurs sciences comme la physique, l’électronique, l’optique ou la mécanique, contribuent à créer des nano-objets fonctionnels. La chimie est particulièrement impliquée dans de nombreux domaines tels que la synthèse des matériaux, la pureté des fluides, des gaz, des sels, le suivi des réactions chimiques et de leurs équilibres ainsi que la préparation de surfaces optimisées et la gravure sélective de couches spécifiques. Au cours des dernières décennies, la taille des transistors s’est considérablement réduite et la fonctionnalité des circuits électroniques s’est accrue. Cette évolution a conduit à une interpénétration de la chimie et de la microélectronique exposée dans cet ouvrage. Chimie en microélectronique présente les chimies et les séquences utilisées lors des procédés de production de la microélectronique, des nettoyages jusqu’aux gravures des plaquettes de silicium, du rôle et de l’impact de leur niveau de pureté jusqu’aux procédés d’interconnexion des millions de transistors composant un circuit électronique. Afin d’illustrer la convergence avec le domaine de la santé, l’ouvrage expose les nouvelles fonctionnalisations spécifiques, tels que les capteurs biologiques ou les capteurs sur la personne.

Author: Ahmed Belasri
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811554447
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 659

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Book Description
This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC
ISBN: 1644901250
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Book Description
The book provides a thorough survey of current research in quantum dots synthesis, properties, and applications. The unique properties of these new nanomaterials offer multifunctional applications in such fields as photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, lasers, photodetectors, solar cells, biomedical diagnostics and quantum computing. Keywords: Quantum Dots (QD), Photovoltaics, Light-emitting Diodes, Field-effect Transistors, Lasers, Photodetectors, Solar Cells, Biomedical Diagnostics, Quantum Computing, QD Synthesis, Carbon QDs, Graphene QDs, QD Sensors, Supercapacitors, Magnetic Quantum Dots, Cellular/Molecular Separation, Chromatographic Separation Column, Photostability, Luminescence of Carbon QDs, QD Materials for Water Treatment, Semiconductor Quantum Dots, QD Drug Delivery, Antibacterial Quantum Dots.

Author: John Wilfred Orton
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199695822
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 529

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Book Description
The book is a history of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) as applied to the growth of semiconductor thin films (note that it does not cover the subject of metal thin films). It begins by examining the origins of MBE, first of all looking at the nature of molecular beams and considering their application to fundamental physics, to the development of nuclear magnetic resonance and to the invention of the microwave MASER. It shows how molecular beams of silane (SiH4) were used to study the nucleation of silicon films on a silicon substrate and how such studies were extended to compound semiconductors such as GaAs. From such surface studies in ultra-high vacuum the technique developed into a method of growing high quality single crystal films of a wide range of semiconductors. Comparing this with earlier evaporation methods of deposition and with other epitaxial deposition methods such as liquid phase and vapour phase epitaxy (LPE and VPE). The text describes the development of MBE machines from the early 'home-made' variety to that of commercial equipment and show how MBE was gradually refined to produce high quality films with atomic dimensions. This was much aided by the use of various in-situ surface analysis techniques, such as reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and mass spectrometry, a feature unique to MBE. It looks at various modified versions of the basic MBE process, then proceed to describe their application to the growth of so-called 'low-dimensional structures' (LDS) based on ultra-thin heterostructure films with thickness of order a few molecular monolayers. Further chapters cover the growth of a wide range of different compounds and describe their application to fundamental physics and to the fabrication of electronic and opto-electronic devices. The authors study the historical development of all these aspects and emphasise both the (often unexpected) manner of their discovery and development and the unique features which MBE brings to the growth of extremely complex structures with monolayer accuracy.

Author: Zhiming M. Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461435706
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375

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Book Description
Quantum dots as nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in the past several decades from growth to characterization to applications. As the basis of future developments in the field, this book collects a series of state-of-the-art chapters on the current status of quantum dot devices and how these devices take advantage of quantum features. Written by 56 leading experts from 14 countries, the chapters cover numerous quantum dot applications, including lasers, LEDs, detectors, amplifiers, switches, transistors, and solar cells. Quantum Dot Devices is appropriate for researchers of all levels of experience with an interest in epitaxial and/or colloidal quantum dots. It provides the beginner with the necessary overview of this exciting field and those more experienced with a comprehensive reference source.

Author: Lydia L. Sohn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401588392
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 680

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Book Description
Ongoing developments in nanofabrication technology and the availability of novel materials have led to the emergence and evolution of new topics for mesoscopic research, including scanning-tunnelling microscopic studies of few-atom metallic clusters, discrete energy level spectroscopy, the prediction of Kondo-type physics in the transport properties of quantum dots, time dependent effects, and the properties of interacting systems, e.g. of Luttinger liquids. The overall understanding of each of these areas is still incomplete; nevertheless, with the foundations laid by studies in the more traditional systems there is no doubt that these new areas will advance mesoscopic electron transport to a new phenomenological level, both experimentally and theoretically. Mesoscopic Electron Transport highlights selected areas in the field, provides a comprehensive review of such systems, and also serves as an introduction to the new and developing areas of mesoscopic electron transport.

Author: Oliver Eibl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527334890
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Book Description
Edited by the initiators of a priority research program funded by the German Science Foundation and written by an international team of key players, this is the first book to provide an overview of nanostructured thermoelectric materials -- putting the new developments into perspective alongside conventional thermoelectrics. As such, it reviews the current state of research on thermoelectric Bi2Te3 nanomaterials, covering advanced methods of materials synthesis, characterization of materials structures and thermoelectric properties, as well as advances in the theory and modeling of transport properties. Nanomaterials-based thermoelectric devices are also discussed with respect to their properties, their suitability for different energy generation applications, and in light of their commercialization potential. An outlook on the chances, challenges and future directions of research rounds off the book, giving a straightforward account of the fundamental and technical problems - plus ways to overcome them.