Book Description
Afin de poursuivre la croissance imposée par la loi de Moore, les circuits numériques deviennent de plus en plus parallèles, avec un nombre important d’unités de calcul distinctes. L’utilisation de l’optique peut s’avérer intéressante pour leur assurer une bande passante élevée. Au contraire, les liens traditionnels (électriques) commencent à montrer leurs limites en terme de consommation par unité d’information échangée. Dans un tel contexte, il est alors nécessaire de développer des interconnexions optiques dont les procédés de fabrication restent compatibles avec le standard CMOS. Si le transport de la lumière est aisé à obtenir au voisinage de 1.55 μm avec le couple Silicium/Silice, l’obtention de sources LASER est nettement plus difficile puisque le silicium (gap indirect) ne permet pas de réaliser le gain optique requis. Une solution consiste alors à reporter par collage moléculaire des vignettes de composés à base de semi-conducteurs III-V.Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéresserons uniquement à une source bien particulière, basée sur les modes de galerie (WGM) dans les résonateurs à symétrie circulaire, de quelques micromètres de rayon. Nous verrons comment tirer profit des éléments a priori perturbateurs que sont les contacts électriques (absorbants) de sorte à diminuer le seuil LASER. La mise en place d’un modèle semianalytique permet d’obtenir un dimensionnement ultra-rapide de la source monolithique obtenue, en optimisant la géométrie et la position des électrodes de contact. La collection de la lumière dans un guide par couplage évanescent donne lieu à de complexes interactions. Là encore, une modélisation à partir de la théorie des modes couplés a permis d’en comprendre les rouages, et d’en tirer profit. Le guide lui-même peut alors servir à favoriser une seule et unique longueur d’onde d’émission. Avec des éléments actifs situés à proximité de ces guides, on peut même obtenir une source ultra-compacte et modulable dont on contrôle la longueur d’onde d’émission par un élément extérieur au LASER. La dernière partie de cette thèse fournit des résultats expérimentaux, obtenus avec une chaine "pilote" sur des wafers 200 mm (CEA LETI) en se limitant à des procédés CMOS. On démontre donc la faisabilité des sources proposées dans les chapitres précédents ainsi que la possibilité de les intégrer un lien optique complet (source, routage et détection).
Author: Marin Alexe Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540210498 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 524
Book Description
During the past decade direct wafer bonding has developed into a mature materials integration technology. This book presents state-of-the-art reviews of the most important applications of wafer bonding written by experts from industry and academia. The topics include bonding-based fabrication methods of silicon-on-insulator, photonic crystals, VCSELs, SiGe-based FETs, MEMS together with hybrid integration and laser lift-off. The non-specialist will learn about the basics of wafer bonding and its various application areas, while the researcher in the field will find up-to-date information about this fast-moving area, including relevant patent information.
Author: Jean-Louis Barrat Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521789530 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 410
Book Description
Presenting a unified approach, this book focusses on the concepts and theoretical methods that are necessary for an understanding of the physics and chemistry of the fluid state. The authors do not attempt to cover the whole field in an encyclopedic manner. Instead, important ideas are presented in a concise and rigorous style, and illustrated with examples from both simple molecular liquids and more complex soft condensed matter systems such as polymers, colloids, and liquid crystals.
Author: Ahmed Belasri Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811554447 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 659
Book Description
This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
Author: J. D. Van Der Waals Publisher: Courier Corporation ISBN: 9780486495934 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
This much-cited thesis by J. D. van der Waals, the recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in physics, is accompanied by an introductory essay by J. S. Rowlinson and another work by van der Waals on the theory of liquid mixtures. 1988 edition.
Author: A.P. Legrand Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475796498 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Conjugated polymers suoh as polyaoetylene (CH)x polyphenylene (C6H4)x' poly thiophene (C4H2S)x' etc., which are insulators in their pristine state, can be brought to the metallic state after "doping" with ohemioal speoies whioh oan be either eleotron donors or I aoceptors. . This doping prooess involves a oharge transfer between the dopant moleoule and the polymer ohain whioh are then supposed to be spatially olose to each other. It follows that the meohanism of doping must be oonsidered as an aotual interoalation process, which will greatly affeot the struotural oharacteristios of the starting material, as well as its morphology, as has been observed during the 2 intercalation of graphite and layered compounds . In parallel with these modifioations, the band struoture of the system changes yielding a new set of eleotronio properties. It is evident therefore that the struotural and eleotronio properties are intimately related, and must be studied simultaneously in the same system to give reliable information. A great number of studies have been devoted to the structural and electronic properties of conjugated polymers after a chemical or 2 electrochemical doping process . Most of these concern the properties of the system for a given dopant concentration. With this approach a universal pioture of the polymer/dopant system is very diffioult to obtain, as a comparison between different experiments is very hazardous. On the other hand, only a small number of measurements have been performed during the continuous electroohemioal doping of various polymers.
Author: Marc Pansu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540312110 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 996
Book Description
This handbook is a reference guide for selecting and carrying out numerous methods of soil analysis. It is written in accordance with analytical standards and quality control approaches. It covers a large body of technical information including protocols, tables, formulae, spectrum models, chromatograms and additional analytical diagrams. The approaches are diverse, from the simplest tests to the most sophisticated determination methods.
Author: Laurent-Patrick Levy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662042711 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 470
Book Description
This up-to-date work presents a modern vision of magnetism and superconductivity covering both microscopic and phenomenological aspects. The basic information is illustrated with the help of current research topics such as the quantum Hall effect or mesoscopic aspects of superconductivity.
Author: Mostafa Ezziyyani Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030120651 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
This book gathers papers presented at the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD-2018), which was held in Tangiers, Morocco on 12–14 July 2018. In addition to the latest research in the field of energy, it offers new solutions, tools and effective techniques, and provides essential information on smart grids, renewable and economical energy. Further, it addresses modeling, storage management and decision support in the field of energy, offering a valuable guide for researchers, professionals and all those who are interested in the development of advanced intelligent systems in the energy sector.
Author: Janusz Kacprzyk Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030906396 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1298
Book Description
This book publishes the best papers accepted and presented at the 3rd edition of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development Applied to Agriculture, Energy, Health, Environment, Industry, Education, Economy, and Security (AI2SD’2020). This conference is one of the biggest amalgamations of eminent researchers, students, and delegates from both academia and industry where the collaborators have an interactive access to emerging technology and approaches globally. In this book, readers find the latest ideas addressing technological issues relevant to all areas of the social and human sciences for sustainable development. Due to the nature of the conference with its focus on innovative ideas and developments, the book provides the ideal scientific and brings together very high-quality chapters written by eminent researchers from different disciplines, to discover the most recent developments in scientific research.
Author: Fabien Mandorlo
Author: Marin Alexe
Author: Jean-Louis Barrat
Author: Ahmed Belasri
Author: J. D. Van Der Waals
Author: A.P. Legrand
Author: Marc Pansu
Author: Laurent-Patrick Levy
Author: Mostafa Ezziyyani
Author: Janusz Kacprzyk