Estimation of Genetic Parameters Related to the Mating System in Populations of Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench PDF Download

Author: Mauricio Riccelli-Mattei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 290

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Author: Thomas Clayton Ainsworth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Author: Anthony J. Maves
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Author: Yi-Hong Wang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482210088
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each chapter is authored by specialists in their fields to report the latest trends and findings. The book showcases the definitive value of sorghum as a model system to study the genetic basis of crop productivity and stress tolerance and will provide a foundation for future studies in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding.

Author: José Geraldo Eugênio De França
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heterosis
Languages : en
Pages : 412

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This study had two distinct components: an agronomic/breeding segment and a sorghum malt component. The first consisted of field avaluation for traits related to agronomic performance, combinig ability, and heterosis. It was conducted during 1988 and 1989. The 1988 trial, with 51 genotypes, was sown at College Station and Halfway, TX. During 1989, the trial consisted of 7 females and 13 male parents, their 91 hybrids, a common check (ATx399*RTx430), and another hybrid check in one subset (ATx399*sc103-12E) to balance the whole design. It was conducted at College Station, Halfway, Chillicothe, and Corpus Christi, TX. In the first year each trial was divided into 4 subsets, while during the second, the trial consisted of 8 subsets, each with 15 experiment units.Hybrids, generally had larger panicles and higher yields, were taller, reached anthesis earlier, showed superior harvest indices, and lodged more than the parents. Combinig ability and GCA:SCA mean square ratios showed that general combinig ability variances were significant for all the variables studied. It showed also that additive variance was more important in controlling the genetic expression for the traits measured. The most superior parental lines for grain yield, across environments were ATx631, ATx623, ATx378, RTx430, R8505, VG146 and Dorado. Grain was saved from the field trials to be used in evaluation of some grain and malt characteristics. Sorghum beer is an important components of Africa culture and is used as a food or drink in many (...).

Author: George Anthony Ombakho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Author: Moses Mahugu Muraya
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 373693131X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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In Kenya cultivated and wild sorghums grow sympatrically, hence concerns about crop-towild gene flow are understandable. The crop-to-wild gene flow rates are unknown, as are the adaptive values of crop alleles in wild populations. The major concern is that genes added to crops through modern breeding, such as insect resistance or herbicide tolerance, might spread to wild or weedy relatives creating a “super weed” that is either difficult to control or detrimental to the environment. Furthermore, information is lacking on how the genetic diversity of wild sorghum populations is influenced by gene flow from cultivated sorghum. In addition, the crossing barriers between cultivated sorghum and its wild relatives and the level of genetic diversity of wild sorghums in Kenya have not been documented. Information on the relative extent of the diversity pattern within and among genetically defined groups of distinct eco-systems is lacking. Use of male-sterile bait plants in field trials to estimate gene flow has been questioned due to lack of competing pollen. Moreover, the wild sorghum mating system is not well understood and no information exists on competition between a plant’s own and alien pollen.

Author: HARIS M. R
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author: Lekgari Aatshwaelwe Lekgari
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124124872
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Frank Maulana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The approach used to identify inbred lines that can produce superior hybrids is costly and time-consuming. It requires creation of all possible crosses and evaluation of the crosses to estimate combining abilities for the desired traits. Predicting heterosis or hybrid performance in any way possible may help to reduce the number of crosses to be made and evaluated. In this study, four sets of experiments were conducted to determine whether heterosis can be predicted based on inbred line performance, genetic distance between parents and genomic prediction model. The first experiment was aimed at assessing the levels of genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in 279 public sorghum inbred lines, based on 66,265 SNPs generated using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform. The inbred lines were developed at different times over the last two decades and harbor robust diversity in pedigree and agronomic characteristics. Some of the inbreds are resistant to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and Acetyl co-enzyme-A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor herbicides. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) and gene diversity across the entire inbreds were 0.35 and 0.46, respectively with non-herbicide resistant inbreds harboring more diversity than the herbicide resistant ones. The population structure analysis clustered the inbred lines into three major subgroups according to pedigree and fertility-reaction with the maintainer lines (B-lines) distinctly forming a separate cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed more variation within subgroups than among subgroups. Substantial linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected between the markers in the population with marked variation between chromosomes. This information may facilitate the use of the inbreds in sorghum breeding programs and provide perspectives for optimizing marker density for gene mapping and marker-assisted breeding. The second experiment, based on 102 F1 hybrids developed by intercrossing closely and distantly related inbreds, was conducted to investigate the relationship of genetic distance between parents with hybrid vigor or heterosis. The F1 hybrids alongside their parents were evaluated at two environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that correlations of genetic distance between parents with hybrid performance and heterosis were variable and dependent on the trait. Though most were statistically non-significant and not strong to be used as predictor for heterosis, the results tend to show that certain level of genetic distance between parents is needed to capture maximum heterosis and hybrid performance. The objective of the third research study was to determine whether traits measured on parents can be used to predict hybrid performance in sorghum and to assess the combining ability of selected inbreds. Forty-six parental inbred lines and 75 F1 hybrids generated from intercrossing the inbreds were evaluated in four environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The average performance of the parents (mid-parent) was significantly correlated with hybrid performance for thousand kernel weight, days to flowering and plant height. Significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were observed for most traits, with highly significant GCA effects observed for most traits as compared to SCA indicating that additive genetic effects are more important in affecting the inheritance of the traits measured. Results show that studying parental inbred line performance could generate important information for predicting hybrid performance in sorghum. The fourth experiment was aimed at assessing the efficacy of genomic prediction of hybrid performance in sorghum. Genomic prediction was performed with five-fold cross-validation procedure on 204 F1 hybrids developed using 102 inbred lines. A total of 66,265 SNP markers generated using genotyping-by-sequencing were used in this study. Results showed that increasing training population size increased prediction accuracies for all traits with the effect being different for different traits. Also, considering additive effects alone versus additive and dominance effects in the model showed similar trend of prediction accuracy but the full model (considering both additive and dominance effects of the markers) provided better prediction at least for some of the traits. The results suggest that genomic prediction could become an effective tool for predicting the performance of untested sorghum hybrids thus adding efficiency to hybrid selection.