Estado nutricional y deterioro cognitivo en un grupo de mayores institucionalizados PDF Download

Author: Damaris Encarnación Bonilla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 63

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Author: M. Esperanza Dudet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 335

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El perfil del anciano institucionalizado en una residencia geriátrica se caracteriza por ser mayoritariamente mujer, con una edad superior a 80 años, con pluripatología crónica y deterioro cognitivo, asociado muchas veces a demencia, lo que implica dependencia física y mental. El envejecimiento es el principal factor de riesgo para el declive cognitivo y la demencia; el estrés oxidativo desempeña un importante papel en el envejecimiento y, en consecuencia, en la pérdida de la función cerebral debido a la elevada susceptibilidad de este órgano a las especies reactivas de oxígeno. La desnutrición es un problema muy frecuente en este tipo de personas, y también se ha asociado con el deterioro cognitivo, pues los nutrientes participan en la fisiología cerebral así como en la defensa antioxidante. Los cuidados que se proporcionan a los ancianos son de vital importancia para mantener un buen estado nutricional y, en consecuencia, su estado cognitivo, por lo que se consideró de interés valorar el perfil nutricional y funcional de un colectivo de ancianos institucionalizados en una residencia geriátrica y su relación con el estado cognitivo, con el objetivo de conocer los factores más importantes a tener en cuenta en el momento de establecer un programa de cuidados e intervenciones, para intentar atenuar el deterioro cognitivo existente en este tipo de instituciones a través de la mejora del estado nutricional de los residentes.

Author: Ana María Lorenzo Mora
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 0

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En el aumento de la esperanza de vida se han producido unos incrementos significativos en la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas como el cáncer, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las neurodegenerativas. En concreto, dentro de este último grupo, se encuentra la demencia, una enfermedad que afecta a unos 50 millones de personas en todo el mundo y registrándose cada año unos 10 millones de casos nuevos, lo que la convierte en una prioridad en salud pública. La capacidad cognitiva comprende una serie de procesos relacionados con el procesamiento de la información, los cuales pueden verse afectados, en mayor o menor medida, dando lugar al deterioro cognitivo (DC). El DC se define como la alteración en uno o más dominios como es el aprendizaje, la memoria, el funcionamiento social, el lenguaje, la función visoespacial, la atención y la función ejecutiva. Los signos de DC engloban la pérdida de memoria, concentración, comprensión, recordar y solucionar problemas. Por otro lado, el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) se refiere a un deterioro en la cognición superior al que se observa con el DC normal relacionado con la edad, pero no lo suficientemente grave como para causar un deterioro significativo de la función y actividad diaria...

Author: Olga Lucía Avendaño Ruiz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :

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The consequences of good nutrition for life expectancy, the influence of dietary patterns on the incidence of diseases associated with old age and the involvement of malnutrition in the morbidity of the elderly are public health issues of great interest. The malnutrition is one of the big geriatric syndromes and factor of fragility. Not only is manifested in signs of disease, but it increases morbidity, hospital stay, institutionalization and mortality for concomitant illness. People with dementia are particularly vulnerable to suffer from malnutrition, in them decreases the ability to understand and verbally express needs, they are easily distracted while eating, and they may be agitated and misuse the eating utensils. The inability to eat by themselves is one of the largest risks of malnutrition in elderly institutionalized (10). In Spain initiatives to prevent the risk of malnutrition in elderly people have been focused on specific groups of patients, without that have been reached to launch massive initiatives for this purpose. The savings from a lower use of health services and the reduction in the time of the hospital stays exceeds the cost to implement this type of nutritional strategies (6). It is necessary to identify in an early way an elderly patient at risk of malnutrition, would contribute significantly to their health in a health system that needs to work more on prevention to reduce costs. The need to know more about this type of population and the few studies conducted in the elderly Spanish population and especially in institutionalized elders, motivates the realization of this work, where the nutritional status of an institutionalized elderly population of the community of Madrid is evaluated, taking into account different variables that will be addressed in the discussion and whose relationship with the nutritional status and cognitive impairment seeks to try to generate more knowledge, to be able to create programs for the prevention and management of malnutrition in this type of population...

Author: Arianna Figueroa Díaz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Food and food supply
Languages : es
Pages : 82

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Author: Alberto Pilotto
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319625039
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182

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This book offers an up-to-date review on the principles and practice of multidimensional assessment and management of the older individual, which represents the cornerstone of modern clinical practice in the elderly. The early chapters cover the main elements and scope of the comprehensive geriatric approach and explain the pathways of care from screening and case finding through to in-depth assessment and treatment planning. Subsequent chapters review the evidence of how best to apply the multidimensional assessment and management approach in defined healthcare settings and within specific clinical areas, such as cancer and surgery. Finally, the education and training challenges are reviewed and the prospects for future clinical service and research in this important field are examined. The book is very timely given the recent advances in application of this approach, which reflect the growing international realization that older people are “core business” in many clinical areas where the role of specialist geriatric medicine has hitherto been limited. Accordingly, the book will be relevant to a wide range of clinicians. The authorship comprises many of the best known and widely published experts in their respective fields.

Author: Bruno J. Vellas
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805568037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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This book is the first of a new series which will present the proceedings of the newly established Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Clinical & Performance Programme aimed at adult nutrition. Undernutrition is a common phenomenon in elderly people, and malnutrition reaches significant levels in those being in hospital, nursing homes or home care programs. Consequences of malnutrition often go unrecognised owing to the lack of specific validated instruments to assess nutritional status in frail elderly persons. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) provides a single, rapid assessment of nutritional status in the elderly of different degrees of independence, allowing the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition to be determined and to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional intervention and strategies. Easy, quick and economical to perform, it enables staff to check the nutritional status of elderly people when they enter hospitals or institutions and to monitor changes occurring during their stay. Moreover, the MNA is predictive of the cost of care and length of stay in hospital. This publication will be of immense assistance to heads of geriatric teaching units, teachers in nutrition, clinicians general practitioners and dieticians, enabling them to better detect, recognise and start treatment of malnutrition in the elderly.

Author: Timothy G. Lohman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780608064406
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96

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Author: Perminder S. Sachdev
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203970977
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 359

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When confronted with a neurological or psychiatric disorder in an elderly individual, a clinician or researcher is likely to ask how the processes of ageing have influenced the aetiology and presentation of the disorder, and will impact on its efficient management. There are many urban myths about ageing, and some of these apply to the brain. The reviews included in this book are an attempt to flush out some of these myths, and arm the clinician and general researcher with the empirical facts that can be mustered to substantiate claims about ageing. There are many salient questions: is cognitive change to be expected in an elderly individual? Is this change progressive, relentless and unselective, or is it focal and constrained? Would every person who lived long enough develop Alzheimer’s disease? Do our neurones die as we get old? What happens to the size of the brain and its metabolic activity? How do our hormones change with age? Can anti-oxidants slow or even stop the process of ageing? Are genes important in the ageing brain or is it all in the environment? How much of what we are is due to what we eat? The contributors to this book, each an expert in their field, have addressed some of these questions in a language simple enough for a general reader to understand. The book also deals with some of the most prominent brain disorders of old age - Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and depression. The focus is on the impact of ageing on these disorders. The discussions lay out a broad map for the clinician dealing with neuropsychiatric disorders, and the future researcher of brain ageing. In a field in which the developments are too numerous for any one individual to keep pace with, this book presents up-to-date summaries that can be a useful starting point. The field of brain ageing abounds in tabloid science. This book counters this by providing a strong empirical grounding and considered synthesis of the research.

Author: Martin Roth
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521351614
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 80

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