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Author: Anh Thuy Tu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
This dissertation studies the relation between international trade and two issues that have become the active fields of economic research: the firms' quality decisions and the invasive species risk. On the quality choice, the dissertation focuses on the impact of Voluntary Import Expansions (VIEs) on firms' quality decisions. I model a vertically differentiated international duopoly, with one firm in each country. A domestic and an exporting firm choose the quality of their goods and then compete in the domestic market. Both quantity and price conjectures are considered. The paper investigates the case where the government of the exporting country imposes a VIE before firms' quality decision. I show that the VIE is a powerful protection to the exporting firm not only at the quantity or price competition stage but also when the impact of VIE on quality choice are taken into account. I also indicate the possibility that a VIE below the laissez faire solution binds. On the invasive species (IS) risk, the dissertation analyzes the linkage between protectionism and invasive species hazard in the context of two-way trade and multilateral trade liberalization, In a perfectly competitive two way trade model, I show that the multilateral trade integration is much more likely to increase the damage from invasive species than predicted by unilateral trade liberalization under the classical Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework. I also find that market structure does not affect the qualitative results. I illustrate the analytical results with a stylized model of the world wheat market. The dissertation also investigates the interface between tariff escalation and invasive species risk, with a focus on the agricultural and food-processing sectors. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows towards increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. I show that reductions of tariff escalation by reduction of the tariff on processed goods increase allocative efficiency and reduce the IS externality, a win-win situation. I also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods leading to win-win situations.
Author: Anh Thuy Tu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
This dissertation studies the relation between international trade and two issues that have become the active fields of economic research: the firms' quality decisions and the invasive species risk. On the quality choice, the dissertation focuses on the impact of Voluntary Import Expansions (VIEs) on firms' quality decisions. I model a vertically differentiated international duopoly, with one firm in each country. A domestic and an exporting firm choose the quality of their goods and then compete in the domestic market. Both quantity and price conjectures are considered. The paper investigates the case where the government of the exporting country imposes a VIE before firms' quality decision. I show that the VIE is a powerful protection to the exporting firm not only at the quantity or price competition stage but also when the impact of VIE on quality choice are taken into account. I also indicate the possibility that a VIE below the laissez faire solution binds. On the invasive species (IS) risk, the dissertation analyzes the linkage between protectionism and invasive species hazard in the context of two-way trade and multilateral trade liberalization, In a perfectly competitive two way trade model, I show that the multilateral trade integration is much more likely to increase the damage from invasive species than predicted by unilateral trade liberalization under the classical Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework. I also find that market structure does not affect the qualitative results. I illustrate the analytical results with a stylized model of the world wheat market. The dissertation also investigates the interface between tariff escalation and invasive species risk, with a focus on the agricultural and food-processing sectors. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows towards increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. I show that reductions of tariff escalation by reduction of the tariff on processed goods increase allocative efficiency and reduce the IS externality, a win-win situation. I also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods leading to win-win situations.
Author: Brian R. Copeland Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400850703 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
Nowhere has the divide between advocates and critics of globalization been more striking than in debates over free trade and the environment. And yet the literature on the subject is high on rhetoric and low on results. This book is the first to systematically investigate the subject using both economic theory and empirical analysis. Brian Copeland and Scott Taylor establish a powerful theoretical framework for examining the impact of international trade on local pollution levels, and use it to offer a uniquely integrated treatment of the links between economic growth, liberalized trade, and the environment. The results will surprise many. The authors set out the two leading theories linking international trade to environmental outcomes, develop the empirical implications, and examine their validity using data on measured sulfur dioxide concentrations from over 100 cities worldwide during the period from 1971 to 1986. The empirical results are provocative. For an average country in the sample, free trade is good for the environment. There is little evidence that developing countries will specialize in pollution-intensive products with further trade. In fact, the results suggest just the opposite: free trade will shift pollution-intensive goods production from poor countries with lax regulation to rich countries with tight regulation, thereby lowering world pollution. The results also suggest that pollution declines amid economic growth fueled by economy-wide technological progress but rises when growth is fueled by capital accumulation alone. Lucidly argued and authoritatively written, this book will provide students and researchers of international trade and environmental economics a more reliable way of thinking about this contentious issue, and the methodological tools with which to do so.
Author: Daniel Lederman Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821384910 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
Author: World Trade Organization Publisher: World Trade Organization ISBN: 9789287041258 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This report is about a huge contribution to our deepening understanding of what the global economy really means and how it is changing. The report helpfully distinguishes elements of an economy that are tradable and the large set that are non-tradable. Clearly the tradables set is expanding with the support of enabling technology. The report argues that connectivity in the networks that define the evolving architecture of GVCs is important. This Global Value Chain Development Report is the result of intensive and detailed work in assembling and analyzing data on the structure of economies and on how they are linked. It creates a much clearer picture of evolving patterns of independence. It also presents a much clearer picture of comparative advantage. --Publisher description.
Author: Olivier Cattaneo Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821384996 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
The book looks to address the following questions in a post-crisis world: How have lead firms responded to the crisis? Have they changed their traditional supply chain strategy and relocated and/or outsourced part of their production? How will those changes affect developing countries? What should be the policy responses to these changes?
Author: José Antonio Ocampo Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 9780804749565 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Globalization and Development draws upon the experiences of the Latin American and Caribbean region to provide a multidimensional assessment of the globalization process from the perspective of developing countries. Based on a study by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), this book gives a historical overview of economic development in the region and presents both an economic and noneconomic agenda that addresses disparity, respects diversity, and fosters complementarity among regional, national, and international institutions. For orders originating outside of North America, please visit the World Bank website for a list of distributors and geographic discounts at http://publications.worldbank.org/howtoorder or e-mail [email protected].
Author: Andrea Ciani Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464815585 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Author: Anh Thuy Tu
Author: Anh Thuy Tu
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Iowa State University
Author: Brian R. Copeland
Author: Daniel Lederman
Author: World Trade Organization
Author: Olivier Cattaneo
Author: José Antonio Ocampo
Author: Andrea Ciani