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Author: Xiaojuan Cui Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Due to the fact of global warming, air quality deterioration and health concern over the past few decades, great demands and tremendous efforts for new technology to detect hazard gases such as CH4, CO2, CO, H2S, and HONO have been performed. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a kind of technology with advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast responsivity. It has been widely used in the applications of greenhouse gas measurements, industrial process control, combustion gas measurements, medicine, and so on. In this chapter, we will briefly summarize the most recent progress on TDLAS technology and present several kinds of gas sensors developed mainly by our group for various field applications. These could expand from energy, environment, and public safety to medical science.
Author: Xiaojuan Cui Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Due to the fact of global warming, air quality deterioration and health concern over the past few decades, great demands and tremendous efforts for new technology to detect hazard gases such as CH4, CO2, CO, H2S, and HONO have been performed. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a kind of technology with advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast responsivity. It has been widely used in the applications of greenhouse gas measurements, industrial process control, combustion gas measurements, medicine, and so on. In this chapter, we will briefly summarize the most recent progress on TDLAS technology and present several kinds of gas sensors developed mainly by our group for various field applications. These could expand from energy, environment, and public safety to medical science.
Author: Cristian Ravariu Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789233046 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
The Green Electronics book is intended to stimulate people's thinking toward the new concepts of an environment-friendly electronics - the main challenge in the future. The book offers multiple solutions to push the classical electronic industry toward green concepts, aided by nanotechnologies, with revolutionary features that provide low power consumption in electronics, use biomaterials for integrated structures, and include environmental monitoring tools. Based on organic semiconductors/insulators without toxic precursors, green electronic technologies launched promising devices like OLED, OTFT, or nano-core-shell transistors. The Green Electronics book successfully presents the recent directions collected worldwide and leaves free space for continuing year by year with new subtopics.
Author: Yufei Ma Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039283987 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.
Author: Leizi Jiao Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832532578 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 137
Book Description
Intelligent agriculture is the inevitable trend of future agriculture. As the brain of intelligent agriculture, advanced sensors determine the degree of agricultural environment and crop perception. However, an outstanding problem is the long-standing lack of effective sensing and monitoring tools in agriculture. Most information still relies on time-consuming and complex laboratory analysis and can only be off-line measured. Therefore, in-situ, on-line and sensitive methods for monitoring information about the agricultural environment and crops are urgently needed. With the development of material science, manufacturing technology and spectroscopy, more and more fast and high-precision spectroscopic methods and sensors are applied in the agricultural environment, livestock breeding and crop. Especially with the development of spectral enhancement, image processing and deep learning techniques, the study of the advanced spectroscopic methods to rapidly and precisely detect heavy metals and nutrients in the soil, harmful gas, water pollutant and crop stress will reduce the probability of subjective error judgment and improves agricultural management and production efficiency. Application of spectroscopy in an agricultural environment and livestock breeding is a research topic of Frontiers in Physics that publishes original research on the field of agricultural physics. And the aim of this research topic is to explore novel and groundbreaking spectroscopic methods to rapidly and in-situ detect information about the agricultural environment, livestock breeding and crop stress, which could be beneficial in the development of Intelligent agriculture.
Author: Kai Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
To meet more rigorous criteria for environmental-unfriendly emissions and to increase energy efficiency, in-situ real-time sensors are needed to optimize the performance of next-generation energy systems. The emergence of high-quality (narrow linewidth, fast tuning capability) tunable diode lasers (TDLs) has enabled the use of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) for harsh industrial applications. Compared to conventional direct absorption measurements, WMS has the advantage of 10-100 times better detection sensitivity, avoids the need to obtain a zero-absorption baseline, and provides much better isolation from the beam steering, non-absorption transmission loss (e.g., light scattering) or mechanical vibrations. Many models have been developed to interpret the measured WMS signal into absolute absorption. However, most of these models are limited to specific applications by a wide variety of assumptions and approximation most of which deal with the simultaneous intensity and wavelength modulation of injection-current-modulated diode lasers. In this dissertation, two generalized approaches to analyze the WMS absorption signal were developed that account for non-ideal simultaneous intensity modulation of laser output when injection current variation is used for wavelength modulation. The first approach is ideal for wavelength-fixed WMS (the laser mean wavelength is fixed) analysis and the second approach is ideal for wavelength-scanned (the laser mean wavelength is scanned) WMS analysis, and both of them can be used for arbitrary modulation depth, or laser architectures even when severe non-linear intensity modulation occurs simultaneously with wavelength modulation. These new interpretations of WMS absorption signals provide the potential for extended and improved use of WMS for practical gas sensing in a much wider array of applications. The first approach built on earlier work in our laboratory. The analysis of calibration-free, 1f-normalized, WMS-2f absorption signals was extended to higher harmonics (for example 3f, 4f ...) using traditional Fourier analysis. The new approach and procedure developed also accounts for non-ideal wavelength-tuning of the injection-current tuned laser as well as etalon interference from the optical components in the laser line-of-sight (LOS). This approach was validated using measurements of the CO transition of R (11) in the 1st overtone band near 2.3æm in a laboratory cell at room temperature for a range of CO mole fractions (0.21-2.8%) and pressures (5-20atm). For high-pressure gas sensing, wavelength modulation spectroscopy with higher-order harmonic detection (WMS-nf, n> 2) was found to have less influence from the WMS background signals when the selected modulation depth was near the optimal modulation depth for the WMS-2f signal. This WMS approach was then used for measurements in a pilot-scale entrained-flow coal gasifier at the University of Utah. Even though the particulate scattering reduced the laser transmission as much as 99.997%, and pressure broadening at the 18atm (~250psig) operating pressure blended the absorption transitions, successful in-situ rapid-time-resolved 1f-normalized WMS-2f absorption measurements for gas temperature and H2O mole fraction were made. Based on lessons learned during the gasifier measurements at Utah and a desire to eventually develop real-time sensors for long-term monitoring, a second approach for WMS analysis was developed that differs from previous WMS analysis strategies in two significant ways: (1) the measured laser intensity without absorption is used to simulate the transmitted laser intensity with absorption and (2) digital lock-in and low-pass filter software is used to expand both simulated and measured transmitted laser intensities into harmonics of the modulation frequency, WMS-nf (n=1,2,3 ...), avoiding the need for an analytic model of intensity modulation or Fourier expansion of the simulated WMS harmonics. The new method was demonstrated and validated with WMS of H2O dilute in air (1atm, 296K, near 1392nm). WMS-nf harmonics for n=1 to 6 are extracted and the simulations and measurements are found in good agreement for the entire WMS lineshape. This new analysis scheme was applied to monitor the synthesis gas output from an engineering-scale transport reactor coal gasifier at the National Carbon Capture Center. There the pressures ranged up to 15 atm (~220psig) and temperatures up to 650K. Continuous monitoring of moisture level in the gasifier output with 2s time resolution was performed by the TDL sensor for more than 500 hours, including the periods of burner ignition, combustion heating with a propane flame, coal combustion, coal gasification, and reactor shut-down via coal-feed termination. In addition, a novel and rapid approach to determine the collisional linewidth via the WMS signals at different harmonics at the modulation frequency is presented. The peak values of the WMS-nf absorption spectrum near the transition line center are used to infer the absorption lineshape, which is exploited here to extract collision-broadening halfwidth from the ratio of WMS-4f/WMS-2f (or other even harmonics) signals when the mean laser wavelength is tuned to line center. Measurement of the absorption linewidth enables quantitative WMS measurements without the need for a collision-broadening database. Alternatively, when collision-broadened spectral data are available, a WMS-based pressure sensor can be realized, and a demonstration using the 4fpeak/2fpeak ratio gives less than 0.7% difference for the pressure for cell measurements from 100 torr to 753 torr. These new WMS analysis schemes have been validated in near commercial environments and illustrate the potential of their use to develop practical TDL sensors for a wide variety of industrial applications.
Author: Markus W. Sigrist Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471558750 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 564
Book Description
Leading experts discuss the characteristics, advantages, limitations and future aspects of modern spectroscopic techniques for environmental analysis. Demonstrates how these methods can be applied to trace gas detection and assessment. Concentrates on the latest techniques--both laser and non-laser based--which offer advantages for air pollution and gas monitoring as opposed to more conventional methods. Numerous examples of applications illustrate the potential of the techniques backed up by cutting-edge information and representative data.
Author: Peter Hering Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662082551 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
This comprehensive reference work illustrates the state of the art of laser-induced analytical methods in environmental and life sciences via an interdisciplinary approach. Ky techniques for remote sensing in the atmosphere as well as diagnostic methods for soil, water and air contamination and exhaled breath are described. Each a prominent scientist, the authors report on their current research; demonstrate that multi-disciplinary applications are possible; and employ examples on how existing environmental diagnostic methods have found their way into the life sciences.
Author: Matthieu Baudelet Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 085709873X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 601
Book Description
Laser spectroscopy is a valuable tool for sensing and chemical analysis. Developments in lasers, detectors and mathematical analytical tools have led to improvements in the sensitivity and selectivity of spectroscopic techniques and extended their fields of application. Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing examines these advances and how laser spectroscopy can be used in a diverse range of industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Part one reviews basic concepts of atomic and molecular processes and presents the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitation. In addition, it explains the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of the measurements, the construction of databases, and the automation of data analysis by machine learning. Part two explores laser spectroscopy techniques, including cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photo-acoustic spectroscopy to acquire absorption spectra of gases and condensed media. These chapters discuss imaging methods using laser-induced fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopies before focusing on light detection and ranging, photothermal spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy. Part three covers a variety of applications of these techniques, particularly the detection of chemical, biological, and explosive threats, as well as their use in medicine and forensic science. Finally, the book examines spectroscopic analysis of industrial materials and their applications in nuclear research and industry. The text provides readers with a broad overview of the techniques and applications of laser spectroscopy for sensing. It is of great interest to laser scientists and engineers, as well as professionals using lasers for medical applications, environmental applications, military applications, and material processing. Presents the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitation Explores laser spectroscopy techniques, including cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photo-acoustic spectroscopy to acquire absorption spectra of gases and condensed media Considers spectroscopic analysis of industrial materials and their applications in nuclear research and industry
Author: Xiaojuan Cui
Author: Xiaojuan Cui
Author: Cristian Ravariu
Author: Yufei Ma
Author: Leizi Jiao
Author: Kai Sun
Author: R. Grisar
Author: Yufei Ma
Author: Markus W. Sigrist
Author: Peter Hering
Author: Matthieu Baudelet