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Author: Mary-Claire King Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
Women with inherited mutations in BRCAl or BRCA2 have significantly elevated risks of breast cancer. However, not all women with inherited BRCAl or BRCA2 mutations develop breast or ovarian cancer, and among those who do, ages at cancer onset vary widely even within the same family. If a woman with a BRCAl or BRCA2 mutation remains free of breast cancer for many years, it is possible that her status is due to chance, to modifying genes segregating in some families, or to environmental factors that influence risk. In this project, we evaluate environmental and lifestyle factors that could influence the impact of mutations in BRCA I and BRCA2 on disease risk. It is possible that such co-factors identified among genetically predisposed women may be generalized to women who have not inherited predisposition to breast or ovarian cancer, because clinically and biologically, inherited cancer is virtually indistinguishable from its far more common, non-inherited counterpart.
Author: Mary-Claire King Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
Women with inherited mutations in BRCAl or BRCA2 have significantly elevated risks of breast cancer. However, not all women with inherited BRCAl or BRCA2 mutations develop breast or ovarian cancer, and among those who do, ages at cancer onset vary widely even within the same family. If a woman with a BRCAl or BRCA2 mutation remains free of breast cancer for many years, it is possible that her status is due to chance, to modifying genes segregating in some families, or to environmental factors that influence risk. In this project, we evaluate environmental and lifestyle factors that could influence the impact of mutations in BRCA I and BRCA2 on disease risk. It is possible that such co-factors identified among genetically predisposed women may be generalized to women who have not inherited predisposition to breast or ovarian cancer, because clinically and biologically, inherited cancer is virtually indistinguishable from its far more common, non-inherited counterpart.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
This project aims to identify potentially preventable environmental influences on breast and ovarian cancer by focusing on a population of women with genetically inherited predisposition to the disease. This is an extension of our ongoing research into the genetics of breast and ovarian cancer among Jewish women in the New York City area. The IDEA project centered on female relatives of breast cancer patients with confirmed mutations in BRCAl or BRCA2. Each relative provided a blood sample for mutation testing and completed an extensive questionnaire addressing epidemiologic factors in breast cancer risk. Among participants, inherited mutations in BRCAl and BRCA2 were more frequent in women with a younger breast cancer diagnosis and in women with a breast and/or ovarian cancer family history. Breast cancer risks increased over time among women with mutations, suggesting the influence of environmental factors. The experiences and exposures of women with mutations who did and did not develop breast or ovarian cancer were compared to identify factors that ameliorate or exacerbate risk in this high-risk group. These risk factors may be generalized to women without inherited vulnerability to breast or ovarian cancer, as inherited cancer is virtually indistinguishable, clinically and biologically, from its non inherited counterpart.
Author: Barbara T. Zimmerman Publisher: Univ. Press of Mississippi ISBN: 9781578065783 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Health & Sickness -- Consumer Health This book by a scientist whose background is in cellular and molecular biology examines the fearsome disease that strikes one in eight women in the United States. Although women are more likely to die of heart disease or of lung cancer, a diagnosis of breast cancer is the medical pronouncement that a woman is most likely to fear. It kills more than 40,000 Americans annually. Why are some women more vulnerable than others? The interplay between genetics and environment is suspected. Thus this book for general readers will help them understand the genetic bases of both sporadic and inherited breast cancers. Although only five to ten percent of breast cancer patients have inherited mutations in these genes, all women need to understand the genetic implications of the disease. In clear, concise language Barbara T. Zimmerman guides the reader through the complexities, discussing in detail the genes that are known to increase susceptibility and the ways they are passed on. Examining the general biology of breast cancer, Zimmerman describes how sporadic and inherited forms of the disease arise and how the location of the tumors can affect the body. She discusses genetic mutations and their roles in the development of tumors and tells how these potentially cancer-inducing genes were discovered. Covered too are the issues of risk, prevention, screening, diagnosis, therapy, and genetic testing and counseling. Zimmerman concludes with a comprehensive analysis of current research and with an emphasis on how a woman's understanding of inherited breast cancer can help doctors seeking to design better methods for prevention and therapy. A useful list of resources for further information about the genetic causes of breast cancer is included. Barbara T. Zimmerman did her graduate work in experimental pathology and her post-doctoral research in the cellular and molecular processes of disease. Widely published, she is the manager of the Denver-based firm Biomedical Communication and Consulting.
Author: Jorunn E. Eyfjord Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
One mutation in each BRCA gene, a BRCA2 founder mutation and a rare BRCAl mutation account for most familial breast cancer in a well defined population. Our previous studies show that the penetrance of the BRCA2 mutation varies greatly, suggesting the involvement of modifying factors, genetic and/or environmental. The study group consists of all women in Iceland who have had breast cancer and are alive at the time of study, their female relatives and age matched controls, estimated 5000 women. Hypotheses tested are that environmental risk factors and genetic variation in metabolic enzymes affect, 1. Penetrance of BRCA mutations 2. Breast cancer risk in the population Hypothesis 1. is studied in women with breast cancer who have a BRCA mutation and mutation carrier relatives without breast cancer. Comparison group are women with breast cancer without BRCA mutations and unaffected mutation negative relatives. Risk factors investigated: Reproductive factors, ionizing radiation, physical exercise, alcohol use, smoking, height and weight. The enzymes investigated affect levels of sex hormones and formation of carcinogenic substances. 2. is studied in 1200 women with breast cancer, representative for breast cancer patients in the population, and 1200 age-matched controls without breast cancer, representative for women without breast cancer.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309220696 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer among women. The primary patients of breast cancer are adult women who are approaching or have reached menopause; 90 percent of new cases in U.S. women in 2009 were diagnosed at age 45 or older. Growing knowledge of the complexity of breast cancer stimulated a transition in breast cancer research toward elucidating how external factors may influence the etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer and the Environment reviews the current evidence on a selection of environmental risk factors for breast cancer, considers gene-environment interactions in breast cancer, and explores evidence-based actions that might reduce the risk of breast cancer. The book also recommends further integrative research into the elements of the biology of breast development and carcinogenesis, including the influence of exposure to a variety of environmental factors during potential windows of susceptibility during the full life course, potential interventions to reduce risk, and better tools for assessing the carcinogenicity of environmental factors. For a limited set of risk factors, evidence suggests that action can be taken in ways that may reduce risk for breast cancer for many women: avoiding unnecessary medical radiation throughout life, avoiding the use of some forms of postmenopausal hormone therapy, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, increasing physical activity, and minimizing weight gain. Breast Cancer and the Environment sets a direction and a focus for future research efforts. The book will be of special interest to medical researchers, patient advocacy groups, and public health professionals.
Author: Mark Robson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Women with breast cancer arising as a consequence of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at significant risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Examination of factors influencing contralateral risk will provide insight into prevention strategies for unaffected women with BRCA mutations. A combined analysis performed with the JGH indicates tamoxifen may reduce CBC risk by 53% (attached). To evaluate CBC risk factors, the funded study is assessing the impact of tamoxifen and radiotherapy on CBC risk. In the present funding period, in accordance with the Statement of Work, continued review of clinical records was performed, with identification of pathology blocks that will be cut to provide the samples for genotyping. Medical records from 1990 and 1991 were not reliably retrievable, leading us to expand the cohort eligibility dates to 199E. As of this report, we have reviewed 692 records in this interval, of whom 453 are eligible and for whom data has been entered. Data cleaning is in process and acquisition of tissue samples will begin shortly, followed by genotyping after anonymization. Combining these data with our original cohort of 329 cancers in 305 patients (JNCI 1999), we will have achieved 78% of our accrual goal of 1000 cases.
Author: Jose Russo Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441998969 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
Breast cancer is a complex disease caused by multiple environmental and lifestyle factors interacting with genetic susceptibility across the life span. Therefore, environmental factors are of intense interest to both researchers and community members, including women with breast cancer. There is not adequate literature that addresses this issue comprehensively from epidemiological, experimental, and translational research perspective. This book is aiming to fill this gap by gathering chapters from the most recognized experts in the field of breast biology and cancer with special interests in environmental issues.
Author: Sahra Gibbon Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135925526 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 332
Book Description
The discovery of the two inherited susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the mid-1990s created the possibility of predictive genetic testing and led to the establishment of specific medical programmes for those at high risk of developing breast cancer in the UK, US and Europe. The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics. Chapter 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 3.0 license.
Author: Piri Welcsh Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441904778 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
This volume will explore the latest findings in research into the genetics of breast and reproductive cancers, covering the epidemiological aspects of these cancers, their etiology, the effect of environment on genes and cancer etiology, and how research in this area can lead to development of preventative measures and treatments.
Author: Mary-Claire King
Author: Mary-Claire King
Author: 
Author: Barbara T. Zimmerman
Author: Jorunn E. Eyfjord
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Mark Robson
Author: Jose Russo
Author: Sahra Gibbon
Author: Piri Welcsh
Author: National Cancer Institute (U.S.)