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Author: Kirsten Elisabeth Smayda Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Normal aging is associated with difficulty understanding speech in adverse listening conditions and can lead to problems for the elderly such as social isolation, anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life. A large literature suggests at least two types of noise can negatively interfere with speech intelligibility: energetic and informational noise. Energetic masking results when the noise spectro-temporally overlaps with the speech signal (e.g., near a construction site). Informational masking results when the noise contains information beyond spectro-temporal overlap with the speech signal (e.g., the ‘cocktail’ party situation). Cognitive processes have been implicated in mediating individual differences in speech-in-noise (SPIN) perception such as auditory working memory, attention, and processing speed; as well as perceptual processes such as temporal processing and gap detection. Importantly, the cognitive and perceptual subprocesses involved in accurate speech-in-noise perception also decline as we age. An expansive literature suggests that music training is positively associated with enhancements in not only SPIN processing, but also the perceptual and cognitive abilities supporting SPIN perception. Importantly, the causal effect of music training on older adult SPIN perception is poorly understood. The overarching goal of this thesis is to characterize the contextual and listener features that can improve older adult speech-in-noise perception. The first paper in this dissertation explores the extent to which contextual cues, such as visual and semantic information, can aid in older adult speech-in-noise processing. In Paper 2, we examine the source of a musician advantage in learning novel speech categories. Using computational modeling we show that the musician advantage is due to both cognitive and perceptual processes. Paper 3 tests the extent to which age of onset of music training improves decision-making later in life. The broader implications of Papers 1 through 3 are explored in the General Discussion, which includes a proof-of-concept training study experimentally testing the effect of ten weeks of group piano lessons on older adult speech-in-noise processing. Preliminary results suggest that music training confers larger SPIN improvements relative to no training, and participants in the music training condition were more motivated to complete their training relative to those in the active control group.
Author: Kirsten Elisabeth Smayda Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Normal aging is associated with difficulty understanding speech in adverse listening conditions and can lead to problems for the elderly such as social isolation, anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life. A large literature suggests at least two types of noise can negatively interfere with speech intelligibility: energetic and informational noise. Energetic masking results when the noise spectro-temporally overlaps with the speech signal (e.g., near a construction site). Informational masking results when the noise contains information beyond spectro-temporal overlap with the speech signal (e.g., the ‘cocktail’ party situation). Cognitive processes have been implicated in mediating individual differences in speech-in-noise (SPIN) perception such as auditory working memory, attention, and processing speed; as well as perceptual processes such as temporal processing and gap detection. Importantly, the cognitive and perceptual subprocesses involved in accurate speech-in-noise perception also decline as we age. An expansive literature suggests that music training is positively associated with enhancements in not only SPIN processing, but also the perceptual and cognitive abilities supporting SPIN perception. Importantly, the causal effect of music training on older adult SPIN perception is poorly understood. The overarching goal of this thesis is to characterize the contextual and listener features that can improve older adult speech-in-noise perception. The first paper in this dissertation explores the extent to which contextual cues, such as visual and semantic information, can aid in older adult speech-in-noise processing. In Paper 2, we examine the source of a musician advantage in learning novel speech categories. Using computational modeling we show that the musician advantage is due to both cognitive and perceptual processes. Paper 3 tests the extent to which age of onset of music training improves decision-making later in life. The broader implications of Papers 1 through 3 are explored in the General Discussion, which includes a proof-of-concept training study experimentally testing the effect of ten weeks of group piano lessons on older adult speech-in-noise processing. Preliminary results suggest that music training confers larger SPIN improvements relative to no training, and participants in the music training condition were more motivated to complete their training relative to those in the active control group.
Author: Lori L. Holt Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030815420 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
This volume reviews contemporary developments in the auditory cognitive neuroscience of speech perception, including both behavioral and neural contributions. It serves as an important update on the current state of research in speech perception. The Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience of Speech Perception in Context Lori L. Holt, and Jonathan E. Peelle Subcortical Processing of Speech Sounds Bharath Chandrasekaran, Rachel Tessmer, and G. Nike Gnanateja Cortical Representation of Speech Sounds: Insights from Intracranial Electrophysiology Yulia Oganian, Neal P. Fox, and Edward F. Chang A Parsimonious Look at Neural Oscillations in Speech Perception Sarah Tune, and Jonas Obleser Extracting Language Content From Speech Sounds: The Information Theoretic Approach Laura Gwilliams, and Matthew H. Davis Speech Perception under Adverse Listening Conditions Stephen C. Van Hedger, and Ingrid S. Johnsrude Adaptive Plasticity in Perceiving Speech Sounds Shruti Ullas, Milene Bonte, Elia Formisano, and Jean Vroomen Development of Speech Perception Judit Gervain Interactions Between Audition and Cognition in Hearing Loss and Aging Chad S. Rogers, and Jonathan E. Peelle Dr. Lori Holt is a Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University and has affiliations with the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and the Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Jonathan E. Peelle is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. Allison Coffin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience at Washington State University Vancouver. Dr. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and research professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Dr. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola, Chicago.
Author: Sarah P Faucette Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
Difficulty listening to speech under challenging conditions is the main complaint of audiology patients. Researchers have explored the cause of this concern, however, many questions are left unanswered. The primary concern of the present series of experiments is the contribution of temporal resolution to speech in noise processing. Specifically, the phenomenon of "release from masking", the aptitude of the auditory system to make use of temporal gaps in competing signals, allowing for perception of target speech. In Experiment I, a commonly researched behavioral paradigm to measure temporal release from masking was explored in young and older normal hearing adults to determine the effect of noise type, aging, presentation level, and SNR on speech recognition. Words and sentences were presented in interrupted and continuous noises at varying intensities and signal to noise ratios. There was a significant effect of presentation level on interrupted noise benefit (i.e., release from masking). Higher intensities created improved understanding in interrupted noise. This finding suggests an intensity to exploit temporal abilities when completing behavioral assessments, particularly if evaluating temporal resolution through release from masking. It was also determined that younger adults were received greater perceptual advantage in interrupted noise than older adults, indicating an effect of age on temporal resolution despite continued normal hearing thresholds. Experiment II investigated neural encoding of this phenomenon through electrophysiological measures of the auditory cortex. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were utilized to demonstrate interrupted noise benefit and explore the effect of SNR and age on this response. With the older adults exhibiting similar auditory thresholds as younger adults and yet displaying a clear temporal deficit in speech in noise understanding, Experiment II sought to determine if a deficit in neural encoding of these signals within the auditory cortex was evident. A speech stimulus (/da/) was used to elicit the CAEPs in interrupted and continuous noises. Decreased P1 and P2 latencies and increased N1 amplitudes were recorded in interrupted noise versus continuous noise, indicating a temporal benefit. These differences were considered a cortical release from masking. Identifying this response in a localized measure may lead to better understanding of the auditory cortex's role in temporal processing of speech in difficult listening environments. With an increase in P1 and N1 amplitudes in older listeners, decreased neural inhibition was indicated. It is plausible that this aging affect could result in the temporal deficit measured behaviorally. A significant correlation between this electrophysiological finding and behavioral measures of the same deficit would confirm this theory. Experiment II was designed to explore the associations between the behavioral and electrophysiological measures of Experiments I and II. No clinically significant correlations were found between these measures. A failure to demonstrate this correlation brings into question the clinical utility of the electrophysiological measures of Experiment II. Significant correlations would have allowed for the electrophysiological response to be measured in lieu of behavioral assessment for those that are difficult to test due to physical and mental limitations. However, without a clear relationship, this electrophysiological response cannot be used in this fashion.
Author: Linda S. Carozza Publisher: Plural Publishing ISBN: 1597568856 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Communication and Aging: Creative Approaches to Improving the Quality of Life provides an overview of alternative approaches used to improve the quality of life of individuals with long-term chronic communication diseases associated with aging and neurogenic diseases. This text examines how professionals can inspire and develop programs that allow patients to live successfully with their disorders. -- from back cover.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309091160 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
Emerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.
Author: Jennifer S. Pardo Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111918407X Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 784
Book Description
A wide-ranging and authoritative volume exploring contemporary perceptual research on speech, updated with new original essays by leading researchers Speech perception is a dynamic area of study that encompasses a wide variety of disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, phonetics, linguistics, physiology and biophysics, auditory and speech science, and experimental psychology. The Handbook of Speech Perception, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of technical and theoretical developments in perceptual research on human speech. Offering a variety of perspectives on the perception of spoken language, this volume provides original essays by leading researchers on the major issues and most recent findings in the field. Each chapter provides an informed and critical survey, including a summary of current research and debate, clear examples and research findings, and discussion of anticipated advances and potential research directions. The timely second edition of this valuable resource: Discusses a uniquely broad range of both foundational and emerging issues in the field Surveys the major areas of the field of human speech perception Features newly commissioned essays on the relation between speech perception and reading, features in speech perception and lexical access, perceptual identification of individual talkers, and perceptual learning of accented speech Includes essential revisions of many chapters original to the first edition Offers critical introductions to recent research literature and leading field developments Encourages the development of multidisciplinary research on speech perception Provides readers with clear understanding of the aims, methods, challenges, and prospects for advances in the field The Handbook of Speech Perception, Second Edition, is ideal for both specialists and non-specialists throughout the research community looking for a comprehensive view of the latest technical and theoretical accomplishments in the field.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309439264 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
The loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe, present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they and society may associate with needing hearing health care and obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health condition that often worsens gradually over time. In the United States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally, hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that preserve their dignity and function. Hearing Health Care for Adults focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults of all ages.
Author: Angela N. Burda Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers ISBN: 1449662854 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
Communication and Swallow Changes in Healthy Aging Adults compiles and presents the available research on healthy aging adults’ performance and abilities in the following areas: auditory comprehension, reading comprehension, speaking, writing, voice and motor speech abilities, cognition, and swallowing. This text also presents principles from the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and its applications to aging adults. One of the first texts to cover these principles, this book will address the need for a comprehensive view of communication and swallow issues in aging for students of speech-language pathology. Speech-language pathologist students will learn how to fully compare what would be considered normal for their elderly patients rather than overestimating or underestimating what aging adults are capable of doing. Knowing what would be considered within the spectrum of normal, will help speech-language pathologists to address therapy as effectively as possible. Having this information at hand is particularly important as the nation’s population is aging at a rapid rate and there is a need for evidence-based practice in speech-language pathology. Written in an easy to follow format, Communication and Swallow Changes in Healthy Aging Adults includes original research data, discussion questions and a list of Quick Facts at the end of each chapter to summarize key points. This text will serve as a useful resource as students see elderly clients in on-campus speech and hearing clinics and when they intern at hospitals and long-term care facilities. Instructor Resources: PowerPoint Slides and an Image Bank Testimonial: “Communication and Swallowing Changes in Healthy Aging Adults is a handy text, portable, and logically organized. The information is easy to follow complimented by information presented in tables/charts. This text would be helpful to a practicing therapist when making a differential diagnosis between a normal vs. atypical aging process. Communication and Swallowing Changes in Healthy Aging Adults would be an appropriate text for courses in Communications Disorders Departments for graduate students in a neuro course or a neurogenic communication disorders course, and in lifespan development courses as in the field of Psychology and Gerontology.” ~ Susan Durnford, M.S.,CCC-SLP, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Ithaca College
Author: Kirsten Elisabeth Smayda
Author: Kirsten Elisabeth Smayda
Author: Lori L. Holt
Author: Christopher R. Madan
Author: Sarah P Faucette
Author: Linda S. Carozza
Author: National Research Council
Author: Rachel J. Ellis
Author: Jennifer S. Pardo
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Angela N. Burda