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Author: Maria T. Patakyova Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Digitalisation is a challenge from the regulatory point of view. Competition law, as a special type of regulation, is no exception to this. The article explores the risks of digitalisation, especially the ones related to the enhanced use of pricing algorithms. In theory, pricing algorithms are not easily assessed from the perspective of competition law, let alone its application in practice. The prohibition of anticompetitive agreements (pursuant to Article 101 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)) is applied with certain diffi culty to agreements created by using pricing algorithms. This is an unfortunate situation, as horizontal agreements represent one of the worst infringements of EU competition law, including price cartels or bid rigging. Apart from presenting a theoretical background, the article dives into the practice of the Antimonopoly Offi ce of the Slovak Republic (AMO) in order to assess which practical issues the AMO might face when applying the theoretical concepts. In sum, the article asks from a theoretical perspective which issues of competition law have been introduced (or deepened) by the enhanced digitalisation, looking in particular to pricing algorithms. On top of that, the article explores the issues which may be encountered in practice, taking the Slovak jurisdiction as the example. The willingness and feasibility of the AMO to enforce digital issues such as pricing algorithms is assessed based on the previous acts of the AMO as well as the new Act on Protection of Competition, adopted by the Slovak parliament on 11 May 2021.
Author: Maria T. Patakyova Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Digitalisation is a challenge from the regulatory point of view. Competition law, as a special type of regulation, is no exception to this. The article explores the risks of digitalisation, especially the ones related to the enhanced use of pricing algorithms. In theory, pricing algorithms are not easily assessed from the perspective of competition law, let alone its application in practice. The prohibition of anticompetitive agreements (pursuant to Article 101 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)) is applied with certain diffi culty to agreements created by using pricing algorithms. This is an unfortunate situation, as horizontal agreements represent one of the worst infringements of EU competition law, including price cartels or bid rigging. Apart from presenting a theoretical background, the article dives into the practice of the Antimonopoly Offi ce of the Slovak Republic (AMO) in order to assess which practical issues the AMO might face when applying the theoretical concepts. In sum, the article asks from a theoretical perspective which issues of competition law have been introduced (or deepened) by the enhanced digitalisation, looking in particular to pricing algorithms. On top of that, the article explores the issues which may be encountered in practice, taking the Slovak jurisdiction as the example. The willingness and feasibility of the AMO to enforce digital issues such as pricing algorithms is assessed based on the previous acts of the AMO as well as the new Act on Protection of Competition, adopted by the Slovak parliament on 11 May 2021.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264311998 Category : Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives.
Author: Simon Hale-Ross Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 135111896X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
This book examines the UK’s response to terrorist communication. Its principle question asks, has individual privacy and collective security been successfully managed and balanced? The author begins by assessing several technologically-based problems facing British law enforcement agencies, including use of the Internet; the existence of ‘darknet’; untraceable Internet telephone calls and messages; smart encrypted device direct messaging applications; and commercially available encryption software. These problems are then related to the traceability and typecasting of potential terrorists, showing that law enforcement agencies are searching for needles in the ever-expanding haystacks. To this end, the book examines the bulk powers of digital surveillance introduced by the Investigatory Powers Act 2016. The book then moves on to assess whether these new powers and the new legislative safeguards introduced are compatible with international human rights standards. The author creates a ‘digital rights criterion’ from which to challenge the bulk surveillance powers against human rights norms. Lord Carlile of Berriew CBE QC in recommending this book notes this particular legal advancement, commenting that rightly so the author concludes the UK has fairly balanced individual privacy with collective security. The book further analyses the potential impact on intelligence exchange between the EU and the UK, following Brexit. Using the US as a case study, the book shows that UK laws must remain within the ambit of EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union's (CJEU's) jurisprudence, to maintain the effectiveness of the exchange. It addresses the topics with regard to terrorism and counterterrorism methods and will be of interest to researchers, academics, professionals, and students researching counterterrorism and digital electronic communications, international human rights, data protection, and international intelligence exchange.
Author: Mateusz Błachucki Publisher: Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN ISBN: 8366300366 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Nakładem Wydawnictwa Instytutu Nauk Prawnych PAN ukazała się 2 edycja poprawiana i uzupełniona monografi pt.: „International Cooperation of Competition Authorities in Europe: From Bilateral Agreements to Transgovernmental Networks” pod redakcją Mateusza Błachuckiego. Monografia zbiorowa poświęcona jest współpracy międzynarodowej krajowych organów ds. konkurencji (NCA) państw członkowskich UE. Zostały w niej omówione przykłady współpracy dwustronnej (między właściwymi organami krajowymi z Niemiec i Austrii lub Czech i Słowacji), współpracy regionalnej (między nordyckimi właściwymi organami krajowymi) oraz współpracy w ramach sieci kontynentalnej (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmian wprowadzonych Dyrektywą ECN +). Książka zawiera również analizy krajowych doświadczeń we współpracy międzynarodowej (Włochy, Słowacja i Hiszpania). Omówione zostały także kwestie niezależności krajowych organów ds. konkurencji, podstawowych praw przedsiębiorstw, nadzoru nad współpracą międzynarodową krajowych organów ds. konkurencji. Autorzy są zaangażowani w międzynarodową współpracę właściwych organów krajowych ds. konkurencji, pełniąc m.in. funkcje urzędników prowadzących postępowanie, członków międzynarodowych sieci organów ochrony konkurencji, doradców pozarządowych ds. sieci, naukowców doradzających sieciom i krajowym organom ochrony konkurencji, prawnych przedstawicieli przedsiębiorstw zaangażowanych w te postępowania lub członków innych instytucji zaangażowanych w ten proces. Druga edycja monografii zawiera wszystkie opublikowane wcześniej artykuły, które zostały zaktualizowane i poprawione przez autorów, ponadto zawiera jeden dodatkowy artykuł autorstwa Margaridy Rosado da Fonseca, dotyczący portugalskiego prawa antymonopolowego. Publikacja wydana w modelu OA pod patronatem Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumenta, będąca efektem realizacji grantu NCN UMO-2016/23/B/HS5/03605 „Ponadnarodowe sieci organów administracji publicznej i ich wpływ na krajowy porządek prawny (na przykładzie sieci organów ochrony konkurencji”, przyznanego dr hab. Mateuszowi Błachuckiemu, prof. INP PAN jest dostępna w repozytorium e-Biblioteka Prawnicza.
Author: Paulo Burnier da Silveira Publisher: Kluwer Law International ISBN: 9789403502830 Category : Antitrust law Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
In a short span of years, the landscape of global competition has changed significantly. In particular, international cooperation in competition law enforcement has greatly strengthened the battle against abuse of dominance, cartels, anticompetitive mergers and related political corruption. This thoroughly researched book explains the current situation regarding joint investigations, identifies common problems and considers possible solutions and future developments. In addition to covering issues of competition policy, its authors look in detail at practice in both merger and conduct investigations in a variety of countries.
Author: Great Britain: Law Commission Publisher: The Stationery Office ISBN: 9780102982220 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
In this report The Electronic Communications Code the Law Commission makes recommendations to form the basis of a revised Electronic Communications Code, which was originally enacted in 1984 to regulate landline telephone provision. It sets out the regime that governs the rights of designated electronic communications operators to maintain infrastructure on public and private land. In modern times, it applies to the infrastructure forming networks which support broadband, mobile internet and telephone, cable television and landlines. The current Code has been criticized by courts and the people who work with it as out of date, unclear and inconsistent with other legislation. This project focuses on private property rights between landowners and electronic communications providers, it does not consider planning. The aims of the reforms are: to provide a clearer definition of the market value that landowners can charge for the us
Author: Björn Lundqvist Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1788971833 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
The digital economy is gradually gaining traction through a variety of recent technological developments, including the introduction of the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and markets for data. This innovative book contains contributions from leading competition law scholars who map out and investigate the anti-competitive effects that are developing in the digital economy.
Author: National Intelligence Council Publisher: Cosimo Reports ISBN: 9781646794973 Category : Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This strategic report is Europol's flagship product providing information to Europe's law enforcement community and decision-makers about the threat of serious and organised crime to the EU. The SOCTA is the cornerstone of the multiannual policy cycle established by the EU in 2010. This cycle ensures effective cooperation between national law enforcement agencies, EU institutions, EU agencies and other relevant partners in the fight against serious and organised crime. Building on the work of successive EU organised crime threat assessments (OCTA), produced between 2006 and 2011, and in line with a new methodology developed in 2011 and 2012, this is the inaugural edition of the SOCTA.
Author: Maria T. Patakyova
Author: Maria T. Patakyova
Author: OECD
Author: Simon Hale-Ross
Author: Mateusz Błachucki
Author: Paulo Burnier da Silveira
Author: Great Britain: Law Commission
Author: Wendy Ng
Author: Björn Lundqvist
Author: National Intelligence Council
Author: