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Electronic transitions and correlation effects

Electronic transitions and correlation effects PDF Author: Johan Jönsson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179298850
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 85

Book Description
Macroscopic properties of real materials, such as conductivity, magneticproperties, crystal structure parameters, etc. are closely related or evendetermined by the configuration of their electrons, characterized by electronicstructure. By changing the conditions, e.g, pressure, temperature, magnetic/electric field, chemical doping, etc. one can modify the electronic structure ofsolids and therefore induce a phase transition(s) between different electronic andmagnetic states. One famous example is a Mott metal-to-insulator phase transition,at which a material undergoes a significant, often many orders of magnitude, changeof conductivity caused by the interplay between itineracy and localization of thecarriers. Electronic topological transitions (ETT) involvechanges in the topology of a metal's Fermi surface. This thesis investigates theeffect of such electronic transitions in various materials, ranging from pureelements to complex compounds. To describe the interplay between electronic transitionsand properties of real materials,different state-of-the-art computational methods are used. The densityfunctional theory(DFT), as well as the DFT + U method, is used to calculatestructural properties. The validity of recently introduced exchange-correlationfunctionals, such as the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN)functional, is also assessed for magnetic elements. In order toinclude dynamical effects of electron interactions we use the DFT + dynamical meanfield theory (DFT + DMFT) method. Experiments in hcp-Os have reported peculiarities in the ratio betweenlattice parameters at high pressure. Previous calculations have suggested these transitions maybe related to ETTs and even crossings of core levels at ultra high pressure. Inthis thesis it is shownthat the crossing of core levels is a general feature of heavy transitionmetals. Experiments have therefore been performed to look for indications ofthis transition in Ir using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In NiO, strongrepulsion between electrons leads to a Mott insulating state at ambientconditions. It has long been predicted that high pressure will lead to aninsulator-to-metal transition. This has been suggested to be accompanied by aloss of magnetic order, and a structural phase transition. In collaboration withexperimentalists we look for thistransition by investigating the X-ray absorption spectra as well as themagnetic hyperfine field. We find no evidence of a Mott transition up to 280GPa. In the Mott insulator TiPO4, application of external pressure has beensuggested to lead to a spin-Peierls transition at room temperature. Weinvestigate the dimerisation and the magnetic structure of TiPO4 at high pressure.As pressure is increased further, TiPO4 goes through a metal to insulatortransition before an eventual crystallographic phase transition. Remarkably, thenew high pressure phases are found to be insulators; the Mott insulating stateis restored. MAX phases are layered materials that combinemetallic and ceramic properties and feature layers of M-metal and X-C or N atomsinterconnected by A-group atoms. Magnetic MAX-phases with their low dimensionalmagnetism are promising candidates for applications in e.g., spintronics.The validity of various theoretical approaches are discussed in connection tothe magnetic MAX-phase Mn2GaC. Using DFT and DFT + DMFT we consider the hightemperature paramagnetic state, and whether the magnetic moments are formed bylocalized or itinerant electrons. Ett materials makroskopiska egenskaper, såsom ledningsförmåga, magnetiska egenskaper, kristallstrukturparametrar, etc. är relaterade till, eller till och med bestämda av elektronernas konfiguration, vilken karakteriseras av elektronstrukturen. Genom att ändra förhållandena, till exempel via tryck, temperatur, magnetiska och/eller elektriska fält, dopning, etc. är det möjligt att modifiera elektronstrukturen hos ett material, och därigenom inducera fasövergångar mellan olika magnetiska och elektron-tillstånd. Mott metall-till-isolator övergången är ett berömt exempel på en fasövergång, då ett material genomgår en omfattande, ofta flera tiopotenser, förändring i ledningsförmåga, orsakad av samspelet mellan ambulerande och lokaliserade laddningsbärare. Vid en elektronisk-topologisk övergång (eng. electronic topological transition, ETT) sker förändringar i elektronernas energifördelning vilket modifierar materialets Fermi-yta. I den här avhandlingen undersöks dylika övergångar i olika material, från rena grundämnen till komplicerade föreningar. Flera olika toppmoderna beräkningsmetoder används för att redogöra för samspelet mellan elektroniska fasövergångar och egenskaper hos riktiga material. Täthetsfunktionalterori (eng. density functional theory, DFT), samt DFT + U, har används för att beräkna strukturella egenskaper. Lämplighetsgraden i att använda nyligen publicerade exchangecorrelation- funktionaler, såsom SCAN (eng. strongly constrained and appropriately normed), för att beskriva magnetiska grundämnen undersöks även. För att inkludera dynamiska elektronkorrelationer använder vi metoden DFT + dynamisk medelfältteori (eng. dynamical mean field theory, DMFT). Experiment utförda på hcp-Os vid högt tryck visar underliga hopp i kvoten mellan gitterparametrar. Tidigare beräkningar har indikerat att dessa övergångar kan vara relaterade till elektronisk-topologiska övergångar och korsande av kärntillstånd. I den här avhandlingen visas också att korsning av kärntillstånden är en generell egenskap hos tunga övergångsmetaller. Därför utförs röntgenabsorptionsexperiment på Ir för att leta efter tecken på denna typ av övergång. Övergångsmetalloxiden NiO har sedan länge förutspåtts genomgå en isolator till metall Mott-övergång. Det har föreslagits att denna övergång sker vid höga tryck i samband med att materialets magnetiska ordning försvinner och en strukturell övergång sker. I samarbete med experimentalister letar vi efter denna övergång genom att studera röntgenabsorptionsspektra och det magnetiska hyperfina fältet. Vi ser inga indikationer på en Mott-övegång, upp till ett tryck på 280 GPa. Det har föreslagits att Mott-isolatorn TiPO4 genomgår en så kallad spin-Peierls-övergång, vid rumstemperatur, när tryck appliceras. Vi undersöker dimeriseringen och den magnetiska strukturen i TiPO4 som funktion av tryck. Vid höga tryck genomgår TiPO4 ytterligare övergångar, från en isolerande till en metallisk fas för att slutligen genomgå en strukturell övergång. De nya högtrycksfaserna visar sig anmärkningsvärt vara Mott-isolatorer. MAX-faser är en grupp material med specifik kristallstruktur, som kombinerar egenskaper från keramiska material och metaller. En MAX-fas består av lager av M –metall-atomer – och X – kol- eller kväveatomer – vilka sammanbinds av atomer från grupp A. Magnetiska MAX-faser som visar magnetiska egenskaper, liknande de för lågdimensionella material, är lovande kandidater för applikation inom exempelvis spinntronik. Den här avhandlingen undersöker lämplighetsgraden i att använda diverse teoretiska metoder för att beskriva magnetiska MAX-faser. Med hjälp av DFT och DFT + DMFT undersöker vi den paramagnetiska högtemperaturfasen och huruvida de magnetiska momenten bildas av lokaliserade eller ambulerande elektroner.

Electronic transitions and correlation effects

Electronic transitions and correlation effects PDF Author: Johan Jönsson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179298850
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 85

Book Description
Macroscopic properties of real materials, such as conductivity, magneticproperties, crystal structure parameters, etc. are closely related or evendetermined by the configuration of their electrons, characterized by electronicstructure. By changing the conditions, e.g, pressure, temperature, magnetic/electric field, chemical doping, etc. one can modify the electronic structure ofsolids and therefore induce a phase transition(s) between different electronic andmagnetic states. One famous example is a Mott metal-to-insulator phase transition,at which a material undergoes a significant, often many orders of magnitude, changeof conductivity caused by the interplay between itineracy and localization of thecarriers. Electronic topological transitions (ETT) involvechanges in the topology of a metal's Fermi surface. This thesis investigates theeffect of such electronic transitions in various materials, ranging from pureelements to complex compounds. To describe the interplay between electronic transitionsand properties of real materials,different state-of-the-art computational methods are used. The densityfunctional theory(DFT), as well as the DFT + U method, is used to calculatestructural properties. The validity of recently introduced exchange-correlationfunctionals, such as the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN)functional, is also assessed for magnetic elements. In order toinclude dynamical effects of electron interactions we use the DFT + dynamical meanfield theory (DFT + DMFT) method. Experiments in hcp-Os have reported peculiarities in the ratio betweenlattice parameters at high pressure. Previous calculations have suggested these transitions maybe related to ETTs and even crossings of core levels at ultra high pressure. Inthis thesis it is shownthat the crossing of core levels is a general feature of heavy transitionmetals. Experiments have therefore been performed to look for indications ofthis transition in Ir using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In NiO, strongrepulsion between electrons leads to a Mott insulating state at ambientconditions. It has long been predicted that high pressure will lead to aninsulator-to-metal transition. This has been suggested to be accompanied by aloss of magnetic order, and a structural phase transition. In collaboration withexperimentalists we look for thistransition by investigating the X-ray absorption spectra as well as themagnetic hyperfine field. We find no evidence of a Mott transition up to 280GPa. In the Mott insulator TiPO4, application of external pressure has beensuggested to lead to a spin-Peierls transition at room temperature. Weinvestigate the dimerisation and the magnetic structure of TiPO4 at high pressure.As pressure is increased further, TiPO4 goes through a metal to insulatortransition before an eventual crystallographic phase transition. Remarkably, thenew high pressure phases are found to be insulators; the Mott insulating stateis restored. MAX phases are layered materials that combinemetallic and ceramic properties and feature layers of M-metal and X-C or N atomsinterconnected by A-group atoms. Magnetic MAX-phases with their low dimensionalmagnetism are promising candidates for applications in e.g., spintronics.The validity of various theoretical approaches are discussed in connection tothe magnetic MAX-phase Mn2GaC. Using DFT and DFT + DMFT we consider the hightemperature paramagnetic state, and whether the magnetic moments are formed bylocalized or itinerant electrons. Ett materials makroskopiska egenskaper, såsom ledningsförmåga, magnetiska egenskaper, kristallstrukturparametrar, etc. är relaterade till, eller till och med bestämda av elektronernas konfiguration, vilken karakteriseras av elektronstrukturen. Genom att ändra förhållandena, till exempel via tryck, temperatur, magnetiska och/eller elektriska fält, dopning, etc. är det möjligt att modifiera elektronstrukturen hos ett material, och därigenom inducera fasövergångar mellan olika magnetiska och elektron-tillstånd. Mott metall-till-isolator övergången är ett berömt exempel på en fasövergång, då ett material genomgår en omfattande, ofta flera tiopotenser, förändring i ledningsförmåga, orsakad av samspelet mellan ambulerande och lokaliserade laddningsbärare. Vid en elektronisk-topologisk övergång (eng. electronic topological transition, ETT) sker förändringar i elektronernas energifördelning vilket modifierar materialets Fermi-yta. I den här avhandlingen undersöks dylika övergångar i olika material, från rena grundämnen till komplicerade föreningar. Flera olika toppmoderna beräkningsmetoder används för att redogöra för samspelet mellan elektroniska fasövergångar och egenskaper hos riktiga material. Täthetsfunktionalterori (eng. density functional theory, DFT), samt DFT + U, har används för att beräkna strukturella egenskaper. Lämplighetsgraden i att använda nyligen publicerade exchangecorrelation- funktionaler, såsom SCAN (eng. strongly constrained and appropriately normed), för att beskriva magnetiska grundämnen undersöks även. För att inkludera dynamiska elektronkorrelationer använder vi metoden DFT + dynamisk medelfältteori (eng. dynamical mean field theory, DMFT). Experiment utförda på hcp-Os vid högt tryck visar underliga hopp i kvoten mellan gitterparametrar. Tidigare beräkningar har indikerat att dessa övergångar kan vara relaterade till elektronisk-topologiska övergångar och korsande av kärntillstånd. I den här avhandlingen visas också att korsning av kärntillstånden är en generell egenskap hos tunga övergångsmetaller. Därför utförs röntgenabsorptionsexperiment på Ir för att leta efter tecken på denna typ av övergång. Övergångsmetalloxiden NiO har sedan länge förutspåtts genomgå en isolator till metall Mott-övergång. Det har föreslagits att denna övergång sker vid höga tryck i samband med att materialets magnetiska ordning försvinner och en strukturell övergång sker. I samarbete med experimentalister letar vi efter denna övergång genom att studera röntgenabsorptionsspektra och det magnetiska hyperfina fältet. Vi ser inga indikationer på en Mott-övegång, upp till ett tryck på 280 GPa. Det har föreslagits att Mott-isolatorn TiPO4 genomgår en så kallad spin-Peierls-övergång, vid rumstemperatur, när tryck appliceras. Vi undersöker dimeriseringen och den magnetiska strukturen i TiPO4 som funktion av tryck. Vid höga tryck genomgår TiPO4 ytterligare övergångar, från en isolerande till en metallisk fas för att slutligen genomgå en strukturell övergång. De nya högtrycksfaserna visar sig anmärkningsvärt vara Mott-isolatorer. MAX-faser är en grupp material med specifik kristallstruktur, som kombinerar egenskaper från keramiska material och metaller. En MAX-fas består av lager av M –metall-atomer – och X – kol- eller kväveatomer – vilka sammanbinds av atomer från grupp A. Magnetiska MAX-faser som visar magnetiska egenskaper, liknande de för lågdimensionella material, är lovande kandidater för applikation inom exempelvis spinntronik. Den här avhandlingen undersöker lämplighetsgraden i att använda diverse teoretiska metoder för att beskriva magnetiska MAX-faser. Med hjälp av DFT och DFT + DMFT undersöker vi den paramagnetiska högtemperaturfasen och huruvida de magnetiska momenten bildas av lokaliserade eller ambulerande elektroner.

Correlation Effects in Hopping Conduction

Correlation Effects in Hopping Conduction PDF Author: Michael Louis Knotek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conduction electrons
Languages : en
Pages : 210

Book Description


Electron-Electron Correlation Effects in Low-Dimensional Conductors and Superconductors

Electron-Electron Correlation Effects in Low-Dimensional Conductors and Superconductors PDF Author: Alexandr A. Ovchinnikov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642767532
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170

Book Description
Advances in the physics and chemistry of low-dimensional systems have been really magnificent in the last few decades. Hundreds of quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional systems have been synthesized and studied. The most popular representatives of quasi-one-dimensional materials are polyacethylenes CH [1] and conducting donor-acceptor molecular crystals TIF z TCNQ. Examples of quasi-two-dimensional systems are high temperature su perconductors (HTSC) based on copper oxides LA2CU04, YBa2Cu306+y and organic superconductors based on BEDT -TIP molecules. The properties of such one- and two-dimensional materials are not yet fully understood. On the one hand, the equations of motion of one-dimensional sys tems are rather simple, which facilitates rigorous solutions of model problems. On the other hand, manifestations of various interactions in one-dimensional systems are rather peculiar. This refers, in particular, to electron--electron and electron-phonon interactions. Even within the limit of a weak coupling con stant electron--electron correlations produce an energy gap in the spectrum of one-dimensional metals implying a Mott transition from metal to semiconductor state. In all these cases perturbation theory is inapplicable. Which is one of the main difficulties on the way towards a comprehensive theory of quasi-one-dimensional systems. - This meeting held at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kiev May 15-18 1990 was devoted to related problems. The papers selected for this volume are grouped into three sections.

Relativistic and Electron Correlation Effects in Molecules and Solids

Relativistic and Electron Correlation Effects in Molecules and Solids PDF Author: G.L. Malli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489913408
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 478

Book Description
The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "R@lativistic and Electron Correlation Effects in Molecules and Solids", co-sponsored by Simon Fraser University (SFU) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) was held Aug 10- 21, 1992 at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada. A total of 90 lecturers and students with backgrounds in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and various interdisciplinary subjects attended the ASI. In my proposal submitted to NATO for financial support for this ASI, I pointed out that a NATO ASI on the effects of relativity in many-electron systems was held ten years ago, [See G.L. Malli, (ed) Relativistic Effects in Atoms, Molecules and Solids, Plenum Press, Vol B87, New York, 1983]. Moreover, at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on advanced methods for molecular electronic structure "an assessment of state-of the-art of Electron Correlation ... " was carried out [see C.E. Dykstra, (ed), Advanced Theories and Computational Approaches to the Electronic Structure of Molecules, D. Reidel Publishin~ Company, Vol C133, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1984]. However, during the last five years, it has become clear that the relativistic and electron correlation effects must be included in the theoretical treatment of many-electron molecules and solids of heavy elements (with Z > 70). Molecules and clusters containing heavy elements are of crucial importance in a number of areas of Chemistry and Physics such as nuclear fuels, catalysis, surface science, etc.

Correlation Effects in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems

Correlation Effects in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems PDF Author: Ayao Okiji
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642851290
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223

Book Description
Correlation Effects in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems describes recent developments in theoretical condensed-matter physics, emphasizing exact solutions in one dimension including conformal-field theoretical approaches, the application of quantum groups, and numerical diagonalization techniques. Various key properties are presented for two-dimensional, highly correlated electron systems.

Correlation-Induced Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

Correlation-Induced Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems PDF Author: A. Isihara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10

Book Description
The electrons in inversion or accumulation layers of MOSFETs or in semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces show prominent many-body effects. A new theory off the correlation energy is developed for these electrons such that the results are applicable to a wide density range. The ground-state energy is obtained for all densities. It is continuous and convergent, but changes its analytical form at r sub s = 1.414. Associated with this change is a divergence of the compressibility that occurs at r sub s =1.989. Hence, around this r sub s, the system can be considered to be in a liquidlike state. In the (001) direction of silicon inversion layers, the two valleys, occupied equally by the electrons at high densities, may be populated unevenly due to electron correlations. This unbalance will cause a valley occupancy phase transition at r sub s =8.011, in close agreement with a recent experiment. Under a magnetic field, the susceptibility is enhanced nonlinearly when the density of electrons is reduced. This enhancement becomes very strong toward r sub s =13.0, beyond which a spin-polarized state is favored.

Electronic Structure, Correlation Effects and Physical Properties of D- and F-metals and Their Compounds

Electronic Structure, Correlation Effects and Physical Properties of D- and F-metals and Their Compounds PDF Author: Valentin Yu Irkhin
Publisher: Cambridge Int Science Publishing
ISBN: 190460255X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464

Book Description
The book includes all main physical properties of d- and f-transition-metal systems and corresponding theoretical concepts. Special attention is paid to the theory of magnetism and transport phenomena. Some examples of non-traditional questions which are treated in detail in the book: the influence of density of states singularities on electron properties; many-electron description of strong itinerant magnetism; mechanisms of magnetic anisotropy; microscopic theory of anomalous transport phenomena in ferromagnets. Besides considering classical problems of solid state physics as applied to transition metals, modern developments in the theory of correlation effects in d- and f-compounds are considered within many-electron models. The book contains, where possible, a simple physical discussion. More difficult questions are considered in Appendices.

Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism

Lecture Notes on Electron Correlation and Magnetism PDF Author: Patrik Fazekas
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812386270
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 794

Book Description
This volume attempts to fill the gap between standard introductions to solid state physics, and textbooks which give a sophisticated treatment of strongly correlated systems. Starting with the basics of the microscopic theory of magnetism, one proceeds with relatively elementary arguments to such topics of current interest as the Mott transition, heavy fermions, and quantum magnetism. The basic approach is that magnetism is one of the manifestations of electronOCoelectron interaction, and its treatment should be part of a general discussion of electron correlation effects. Though the text is primarily theoretical, a large number of illustrative examples are brought from the experimental literature. There are many problems, with detailed solutions. The book is based on the material of lectures given at the Diploma Course of the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, and later at the Technical University and the R. EAtvAs University of Budapest, Hungary. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1.1: Magnetism and Other Effects of Electron-Electron Interaction (483 KB). Chapter 1.2: Sources of Magnetic Fields (311 KB). Chapter 1.3: Getting Acquainted: Magnetite (692 KB). Chapter 1.4: Variety of Correlated Systems: An Outline of the Course (307 KB). Contents: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules; Crystal Field Theory; Mott Transition and Hubbard Model; Mott Insulators; Heinsenberg Magnets; Itinerant Electron Magnetism; Ferromagnetism in Hubbard Models; The Gutzwiller Variational Method; The Correlated Metallic State; Mixed Valence and Heavy Fermions; Quantum Hall Effect; Hydrogen Atom; Single-Spin-Flip Ansatz; Gutzwiller Approximation; SchriefferOCoWolff Transformation. Readership: Graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics."

Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions DIET V

Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions DIET V PDF Author: Alan R. Burns
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642780806
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344

Book Description
This volume in the Springer Series on Surface Sciences presents a recent account of advances in the ever-broadening field of electron-and photon-stimulated sur face processes. As in previous volumes, these advances are presented as the proceedings of the International Workshop on Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions; the fifth workshop (DIET V) was held in Taos, New Mexico, April 1-4, 1992. It will be abundantly clear to the reader that "DIET" is not restricted to desorption, but has for several years included photochemistry, non-thermal surface modification, exciton self-trapping, and many other phenomena that are induced by electron or photon bombardment. However, most stimulated surface processes do share a common physics: initial electronic excitation, localization of the excitation, and conversion of electronic energy into nuclear kinetic energy. It is the rich variation of this theme which makes the field so interesting and fruitful. We have divided the book into eleven parts in order to emphasize the wide range of materials that are examined and to highlight recent experimental and theoretical advances. Naturally, there is considerable overlap between sections, and many papers would be appropriate in more than one part. Part I focuses on perhaps the most active area in the field today: electron attachment. Here the detection and characterization of negative ions formed by attachment of elec trons supplied externally from the vacuum are discussed. In addition, the first observations of negative ions formed by substrate photoelectrons are presented.

Correlation Effects in Atoms and Molecules, Volume 14

Correlation Effects in Atoms and Molecules, Volume 14 PDF Author: W. Curt Lefebvre
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470143991
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558

Book Description
The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.