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Author: V. Nemoshkalenko Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461329019 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
This book is conceived as a monograph, and represents an up-to-date collection of information concerning the use of the method of X-ray photoelectron spec troscopy in the study of the electron structure of crystals, as well as a personal interpretation of the subject by the authors. In a natural way, the book starts in Chapter 1 with a recapitulation of the fundamentals of the method, basic relations, principles of operation, and a com parative presentation of the characteristics and performances of the most com monly used ESCA instruments (from the classical ones-Varian, McPherson, Hewlett Packard, and IEEE-up to the latest model developed by Professor Siegbahn in Uppsala), and continues with a discussion of some of the difficult problems the experimentalist must face such as calibration of spectra, prepara tion of samples, and evaluation of the escape depth of electrons. The second chapter is devoted to the theory of photoemission from crystal line solids. A discussion of the methods of Hartree-Fock and Hartree-Fock Slater for the calculation of bonding energy levels in multielectronic systems is presented, and the necessity of including in the theory both relativistic and relaxation effects is argued.
Author: V. Nemoshkalenko Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461329019 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
This book is conceived as a monograph, and represents an up-to-date collection of information concerning the use of the method of X-ray photoelectron spec troscopy in the study of the electron structure of crystals, as well as a personal interpretation of the subject by the authors. In a natural way, the book starts in Chapter 1 with a recapitulation of the fundamentals of the method, basic relations, principles of operation, and a com parative presentation of the characteristics and performances of the most com monly used ESCA instruments (from the classical ones-Varian, McPherson, Hewlett Packard, and IEEE-up to the latest model developed by Professor Siegbahn in Uppsala), and continues with a discussion of some of the difficult problems the experimentalist must face such as calibration of spectra, prepara tion of samples, and evaluation of the escape depth of electrons. The second chapter is devoted to the theory of photoemission from crystal line solids. A discussion of the methods of Hartree-Fock and Hartree-Fock Slater for the calculation of bonding energy levels in multielectronic systems is presented, and the necessity of including in the theory both relativistic and relaxation effects is argued.
Author: H. Charnock Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9780306400193 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
The papers at the General Symposia of the Joint Oceanographic Assembly were presented by authors who had been invited to deal with topics of broad interdisciplinary interest. Together they gave a valuable account of the present state of marine research, its proQlems and potential. There seems merit in publishing them in one volume and we are grateful to the authors who kindly agreed to prepare their papers for publication. This has taken some time (and not all authors found it possible) but we hope the resulting volume is still indicative of trends in modern oceanography. Particularly noticeable is the way in which the applied aspects are beginning to play a more important part in spite of worries about the effects of the Law of the Sea on our freedom to make observations. We are especially grateful to the four authors who agreed to give lectures summarising the work in their own field which was reported at the Assembly. We also wish to thank the other authors, as well as all concerned with the Assembly and with the production of this volume.
Author: N.I. Ostapenko Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940111675X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Spectroscopy of Defects in Organic Crystals presents a masterly summary of the widespread and voluminous literature on the subject, presenting theoretical and experimental investigations of electron and vibronic optical spectra of organic crystals. Electronic states of defects combine to form crystal near-to-band and band levels. These are discrete states in the vicinity of exciton bands, surface and dislocational excitons, etc. Some studies have expressed dissimilar or even conflicting opinions about the nature of observed phenomena. In the choice of the material, preference has been given to phenomena which have received a theoretical interpretation. Some attention is paid to observations which are not completely understood and also to effects predicted but not yet confirmed. The monograph will be useful for scientists as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students of solid state physics.
Author: R.J. Elliott Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444598251 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
``Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals'' is concerned with the description of optical processes in substitutionally disordered semiconductors and insulators which can be basically described through their elementary excitations. Two of the chapters relate to the phonon response including the effect of side bands on electron transitions. Two relate to electronic spectra, one on photoelectron spectroscopy and the other on excitons. A further chapter deals with magnons in magnetic crystals and a final chapter is related to fluctuations and band edge effects.Each chapter deals with a specific class of excitation, but the book makes it clear that the fundamental structure of the excitation spectra, including band formation, band tailing and localisation is common to every type of excitation. The volume shows how some basic concepts and ideas can be widely applied to bring coherence and understanding to a diverse area of solid state physics. It therefore provides an up-to-date summary of the experimental and theoretical situation in an important and rapidly developing field and brings together for the first time a discussion of the many different types of spectra which appear in mixed crystals.
Author: H. Ibach Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 1483259455 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations is devoted to electron energy loss spectroscopy as a probe of the crystal surface. Electrons with energy in the range of a few electron volts sample only a few atomic layers. As they approach or exit from the crystal, they interact with the vibrational modes of the crystal surface, or possibly with other elementary excitations localized there. The energy spectrum of electrons back-reflected from the surface is thus a rich source of information on its dynamics. The book opens with a detailed analysis of the physics that controls the operation of the monochromator, which is the core of the experimental apparatus. Separate chapters follow on the interaction of electrons with vibrational modes of the surface region and with other elementary excitations in the vicinity; the lattice dynamics of clean and adsorbate-covered surfaces, with emphasis on those features of particular relevance to surface vibrational spectroscopy; and selected applications vibration spectroscopy in surface physics and chemistry.
Author: H. Ibach Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642810993 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The development of surface physics and surface chemistry as a science is closely related to the technical development of a number of methods involving electrons either as an excitation source or as an emitted particle carrying characteristic information. Many of these various kinds of electron spectroscopies have become commercially available and have made their way into industrial laboratories. Others are still in an early stage, but may become of increasing importance in the future. In this book an assessment of the various merits and possible drawbacks of the most frequently used electron spectroscopies is attempted. Emphasis is put on prac tical examples and experimental design rather than on theoretical considerations. The book addresses itself to the reader who wishes to know which electron spectroscopy or which combination of different electron spectroscopies he may choose for the particular problems under investigation. After a brief introduction the practical design of electron spectrometers and their figures of merit important for the different applications are discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 deals with electron excited electron spectroscopies which are used for the elemental analysis of surfaces. Structure analysis by electron diffrac tion is described in Chapter 4 with special emphasis on the use of electron diffrac tion for the investigation of surface imperfections. For the application of electron diffraction to surface crystallography in general, the reader is referred to Volume 4 of "Topics in Applied Physics".
Author: V. Nemoshkalenko
Author: V. Nemoshkalenko
Author: 
Author: H. Charnock
Author: N.I. Ostapenko
Author: James Stewart Arlow
Author: R.J. Elliott
Author: H. Ibach
Author: J. S. Arlow
Author: H. Ibach
Author: John Anthony Pescatore