Author: Eugene Kamenetskii Publisher: ISBN: 9788178953731 Category : Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
There is currently much interest in studying vortex behaviors in different kinds of physical phenomena. Vortices can be easily observed in water. They are well recognized effects in plasma and atmospheric science. In vacuum, one can observe electromagnetic processes with broken symmetry characterizing by different topological effects. Manifestations of phase singularities in optical vortices have opened up a new frontier in optics. There is a large variety of vortex phenomena in condensed matter. It is well known that when a system consisting of many interacting particles is set rotating, it may form vortices. The concept of a vortex is at the center of our understanding of superfluidity. Vortices can appear in magnetically ordered structures and in Bose-Einstein condensates. In the vortex description, there can be used classical or quantum approaches. Vortices can or cannot carry the angular momentum. They can or cannot be characterized by some invariant, such as the flux of vorticity. In spite of the fact that vortices are in common occurrence in many physical problems, it seems very difficult at present to introduce an all-inclusive definition of such 'swirling' entities. Although not being an exhaustive treatise on vortices, this book intends to give a general overview on recent research topics on vortex phenomena in confined magnetic structures. In magnetic structures one can clearly distinguish three characteristic scales. There are the scales of the spin (exchange interaction) fields, the magnetostatic (dipole-dipole interaction) fields, and the electromagnetic fields. These characteristic scales may define different vortex states. It has been shown that in micrometer- or submicrometer-size ferromagnetic dots a magnetization vortex structure will be stable because of competition between the exchange and magnetic dipole interactions. Such magnetic vortices are topologically distinct and robust magnetic states. This stability has a potential as a unit cell for high density magnetic storage and magnetic logic devices. Magnetic vortex dynamics is closely related to their topological structure. One can observe chiral symmetry violation of the vortex states in ferromagnetic dots. A mechanism for changing the topological number of a magnetic configuration makes it possible to obtain controlled switching between the vortex structures. The influence of the vortices on the magnetization reversal was observed in thin ferromagnetic elements. There is a strong interest in study and implementation of vortex states in periodic arrays of magnetic dots. In dilute atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with spin degrees of freedom (the so-called spinor condensates), the anisotropic nature of the dipole interaction greatly enriches the dynamic properties of atoms. The interplay between the dipolar interaction and the spin exchange interaction may lead to the vortex state in the Bose-Einstein condensates that is analogous to the magnetic vortex found in thin magnetic films. Quantized vortices in BECs manifest the long-range phase coherence of many-particle quantum systems which are described by a complex-valued order parameter field, and their existence and stability is intimately related to the superfluid properties of the system. The dipole interaction provides us with a long-range mechanism of interaction. The importance of magnetostatic energy increases gradually as the magnetic structure size increases. Magnetostatic ferromagnetism has a character essentially different from exchange ferromagnetism. This statement finds strong confirmation in confinement phenomena of magnetic-dipolar-mode oscillations. In magnetic structures with the sizes from several micrometers up to tens of micrometers, one can observe peculiar magnetostatic (or magnetic-dipolar-mode) vortices. In quasi-2D magnetic-dipolar-mode ferrite disks two kinds of quantum-like conservation rules are encounted: the symmetry conservation and the double-valued-function electric flux quantization. The interplay between these conservation rules gives rise to unique vortex patterns. It is very interesting that together with the exchange-interaction and magnetic-dipolar vortex behaviors, electromagnetic (Poynting-vector) vortices can exist in ferromagnetic systems. A ferrite is a magnetic dielectric with low losses. This may allow for electromagnetic waves to penetrate the ferrite and results in an effective interaction between the electromagnetic waves and magnetization within the ferrite. At the ferromagnetic resonance conditions, such an interaction can demonstrate the electromagnetic vortex behaviors. One of the most exciting thing is that there can be found a certain resemblance between topological structures of phase singularities in quasi-2D electromagnetic and magnetization patterns. The book has 21 chapters. The chapters were written by top experts from 18 countries (Italy, Ukraine, UK, Mexico, USA, China, Germany, Brazil, Japan, Russia, France, Chile, Finland, Singapore, Greece, India, Canada, and Israel), who have contributed significantly to the advancement of the science and engineering of the magnetic vortex behaviors. I hope that the book will be a valuable aid to understand current studies in vortex phenomena in magnetic structures for scientists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of electronic engineering, materials science, and condense matter physics. I would like to express my thanks to all of the authors who accepted my invitation to contribute the respective chapters. I would like to acknowledge Dr. S. G. Pandalai at Transworld Research Network for his invitation to me of editing this book. I would like to thank Prof. Reuven Shavit at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Ben Gurion University of the Negev for his interest in new vortex behaviors in microwave magnetic systems, useful discussions, and valuable support in realization of this project. I would also like to thank my PhD student, Michael Sigalov, who is responsible in part for my scientific contribution to this book.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012800441X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 629
Book Description
Solid state physics is the branch of physics primarily devoted to the study of matter in its solid phase, especially at the atomic level. This prestigious serial presents timely and state-of-the-art reviews pertaining to all aspects of solid state physics. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: K. H. Bennemann Publisher: International Monographs on Ph ISBN: 0199585911 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 641
Book Description
This book reports on the latest developments in the field of Superfluidity, one of the most fundamental, interesting, and important problems in physics, with applications ranging from metals, helium liquids, photons in cavities, excitons in semiconductors, to the interior of neutron stars and the present state of the Universe as a whole.
Author: Denys Makarov Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031090861 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
This is the first book providing overview of magnetism in curved geometries, highlighting numerous peculiarities emerging from geometrically curved magnetic objects such as curved wires, shells, as well as complex three-dimensional structures. Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become a general trend in multiple disciplines across electronics, photonics, plasmonics and magnetics. This approach provides the means to modify conventional and even launch novel functionalities by tailoring the local curvature of an object. The book covers the theory of curvilinear micromagnetism as well as experimental studies of geometrically curved magnets including both fabrication and characterization. With its coverage of fundamental aspects, together with exploration of numerous applications across magnonics, bio-engineering, soft robotics and shapeable magnetoelectronics, this edited collection is ideal for all scientists in academia and industry seeking an overview and wishing to keep abreast of advances in the novel field of curvilinear micromagnetism. It provides easy but comprehensive access to the field for newcomers, and can be used for graduate-level courses on this subject.
Author: Eugene Kamenetskii Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319997319 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
This book discusses the development of Fano-based techniques and reveals the characteristic properties of various wave processes by studying interference phenomena. It explains that the interaction of discrete (localized) states with a continuum of propagation modes leads to Fano interference effects in transmission, and explores novel coherent effects such as bound states in the continuum accompanied by collapse of Fano resonance. Originating in atomic physics, Fano resonances have become one of the most appealing phenomena of wave scattering in optics, microwaves, and terahertz techniques. The generation of extremely strong and confined fields at a deep subwavelength scale, far beyond the diffraction limit, plays a central role in modern plasmonics, magnonics, and in photonic and metamaterial structures. Fano resonance effects take advantage of the coupling of these bound states with a continuum of radiative electromagnetic waves. With their unique physical properties and unusual combination of classical and quantum structures, Fano resonances have an application potential in a wide range of fields, from telecommunication to ultrasensitive biosensing, medical instrumentation and data storage. Including contributions by international experts and covering the essential aspects of Fano-resonance effects, including theory, modeling and design, proven and potential applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization and measurement, this book enables readers to acquire the multifaceted understanding required for these multidisciplinary challenges.
Author: Herbert Hopster Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540266410 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
A comprehensive collection of overview articles on novel microscopy methods for imaging magnetic structures on the nanoscale. Written by leading scientists in the field, the book covers synchrotron based methods, spin-polarized electron methods, and scanning probe techniques. It constitutes a valuable source of reference for graduate students and newcomers to the field.
Author: Manuel Vázquez Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081028326 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1010
Book Description
Magnetic Nano-and Microwires: Design, Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Second Edition, reviews the growth and processing of nanowires and nanowire heterostructures using such methods as sol-gel and electrodeposition, focused-electron/ion-beam-induced deposition, epitaxial growth by chemical vapor transport, and more. Other sections cover engineering nanoporous anodic alumina, discuss magnetic and transport properties, domains, domain walls in nano-and microwires. and provide updates on skyrmions, domain walls, magnetism and transport, and the latest techniques to characterize and analyze these effects. Final sections cover applications, both current and emerging, and new chapters on memory, sensor, thermoelectric and nanorobotics applications. This book will be an ideal resource for academics and industry professionals working in the disciplines of materials science, physics, chemistry, electrical and electronic engineering and nanoscience. Details the multiple key techniques for the growth, processing and characterization of nanowires and microwires Reviews the principles and difficulties involved in applying magnetic nano- and microwires to a wide range of applications, also including biomedical and sensing applications Discusses magnetism and transport in nanowires, skyrmions and domain walls in nanowires and the latest innovations in magnetic imaging
Author: Anjan Barman Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319662961 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of spin dynamics and magnetic damping. It discusses the various ways to tune damping, specifically, dynamic and static control in a ferromagnetic layer/heavy metal layer. In addition, it addresses all optical detection techniques for the investigation of modulation of damping, for example, the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique.