Electro-optic Polymeric Thin Films and Devices PDF Download

Author: Charles Anthony Eldering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 374

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Author: Dijana Bogunovic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bragg gratings
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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Book Description
The objective of this disertation was to explore the feasibility and performance of new integrated optical devices into electro-optic polymer thin films. While Mach-Zehnder modulators and ring resonator type of devices in electro-optic polymers are well explored, in this research the attempt was made to demonstrate an electro-optic tunable Bragg grating in a chromophore doped polymer waveguide. Bragg gratings are one of the key components of integrated optical circuits as narowband filters or switches. The realization of efficient Bragg gratings in polymer waveguides would considerably reduce the cost and simplify the fabrication of the tunable gratings. Most current tunable integrated polymer gratings utilize a thermo-optic effect in order to provide tuning of the Bragg gratings which imposes limits to the tuning speed (∼ 10−3 s due to the thermal diffusion). Novel chromophores, specially designed to exibit high molecular NLO figure of merit, were used for doping a number of different polymers and then electrically poled in order to introduce a macroscopic electro-optic effect in the material. The fabrication process of the device consisted of several steps: the spin- coating of both buffer and active layers onto an ITO glass substrate, formation of the waveguides by laser micromachining, grating inscription via permanent photodegradation of the chromophore, poling of the doped polymer and finally, coupling to the fiber. While currently most of the structures in polymer films are being photo- bleached or ion-etched, laser micro-machining was explored here as an alternate method for fabricating waveguides. Permanent inscription of the gratings in doped polymers and poling of the material were researched in great detail in order to achieve the optimum performance of the device.

Author: Jayant Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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Author: Shangzhi Chen
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179297455
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Intrinsically conducting polymers forms a category of doped conjugated polymers that can conduct electricity. Since their discovery in the late 1970s, they have been widely applied in many fields, ranging from optoelectronic devices to biosensors. The most common type of conducting polymers is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), or PEDOT. PEDOT has been popularly used as electrodes for solar cells or light-emitting diodes, as channels for organic electrochemical transistors, and as p-type legs for organic thermoelectric generators. Although many studies have been dedicated to PEDOT-based materials, there has been a lack of a unified model to describe their optical properties across different spectral ranges. In addition, the interesting optical properties of PEDOT-based materials, benefiting from its semi-metallic character, have only been rarely studied and utilized, and could potentially enable new applications. Plasmonics is a research field focusing on interactions between light and metals, such as the noble metals (gold and silver). It has enabled various opportunities in fundamental photonics as well as practical applications, varying from biosensors to colour displays. This thesis explores highly conducting polymers as alternatives to noble metals and as a new type of active plasmonic materials. Despite high degrees of microstructural disorder, conducting polymers can possess electrical conductivity approaching that of poor metals, with particularly high conductivity for PEDOT deposited via vapour phase polymerization (VPP). In this thesis, we systematically studied the optical and structural properties of VPP PEDOT thin films and their nanostructures for plasmonics and other optical applications. We employed ultra-wide spectral range ellipsometry to characterize thin VPP PEDOT films and proposed an anisotropic Drude-Lorentz model to describe their optical conductivity, covering the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and terahertz ranges. Based on this model, PEDOT doped with tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) presented negative real permittivity in the near infrared range. While this indicated optical metallic character, the material also showed comparably large imaginary permittivity and associated losses. To better understand the VPP process, we carefully examined films with a collection of microstructural and spectroscopic characterization methods and found a vertical layer stratification in these polymer films. We unveiled the cause as related to unbalanced transport of polymerization precursors. By selection of suitable counterions, e.g., trifluoromethane sulfonate (OTf), and optimization of reaction conditions, we were able to obtain PEDOT films with electrical conductivity exceeding 5000 S/cm. In the near infrared range from 1 to 5 µm, these PEDOT:OTf films provided a well-defined plasmonic regime, characterized by negative real permittivity and lower magnitude imaginary component. Using a colloidal lithography-based approach, we managed to fabricate nanodisks of PEDOT:OTf and showed that they exhibited clear plasmonic absorption features. The experimental results matched theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. Benefiting from their mixed ionic-electronic conducting characters, such organic plasmonic materials possess redox-tunable properties that make them promising as tuneable optical nanoantennas for spatiotemporally dynamic systems. Finally, we presented a low-cost and efficient method to create structural colour surfaces and images based on UV-treated PEDOT films on metallic mirrors. The concept generates beautiful and vivid colours through-out the visible range utilizing a synergistic effect of simultaneously modulating polymer absorption and film thickness. The simplicity of the device structure, facile fabrication process, and tunability make this proof-of-concept device a potential candidate for future low-cost backlight-free displays and labels.

Author: Seizo Miyata
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000159507
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Book Description
Poled polymers doped with nonlinear optically active chromophores combine the large second order nonlinearity of the dopant dye molecules with the optical quality of the polymer. The material design flexibility afforded to doped polymers makes them attractive in a large variety of devices and applications. This book addresses the critical science and technology issues in the development and application of poled polymers, with an emphasis on the stabilization of poled polymers and their special applications to second harmonic generation (SHG) and electro-optic (EO) devices.

Author: Bruce W. Wessels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Book Description
The combination of electro-optic (EO) thin films with silicon-integrated circuits provides a promising approach to creating optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) capable of sending information at data rates greater than 1 Gbit/second with low power consumption. These devices are of two basic types - very highly parallel (64K channels or greater) or very high speed (Gbits/ second/channel). Materials scientists, chemists and physicists come together in this new volume to discuss EO thin-film materials and devices, and to learn about advances in fields outside of their specific areas. Electro-optic materials featured include organic polymers and/or multilayers, liquid crystals, and inorganic thin films. Materials design, processing, and device issues are addressed. Topics include: nonlinear organics; liquid crystals for integrated optics; ferroelectric thin films; Er-doped inorganic thin films; inorganic thin film waveguides.

Author: Hari Singh Nalwa
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0125129084
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 661

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Book Description
This five-volume handbook focuses on processing techniques, characterization methods, and physical properties of thin films (thin layers of insulating, conducting, or semiconductor material). The editor has composed five separate, thematic volumes on thin films of metals, semimetals, glasses, ceramics, alloys, organics, diamonds, graphites, porous materials, noncrystalline solids, supramolecules, polymers, copolymers, biopolymers, composites, blends, activated carbons, intermetallics, chalcogenides, dyes, pigments, nanostructured materials, biomaterials, inorganic/polymer composites, organoceramics, metallocenes, disordered systems, liquid crystals, quasicrystals, and layered structures. Thin films is a field of the utmost importance in today's materials science, electrical engineering and applied solid state physics; with both research and industrial applications in microelectronics, computer manufacturing, and physical devices. Advanced, high-performance computers, high-definition TV, digital camcorders, sensitive broadband imaging systems, flat-panel displays, robotic systems, and medical electronics and diagnostics are but a few examples of miniaturized device technologies that depend the utilization of thin film materials. The Handbook of Thin Films Materials is a comprehensive reference focusing on processing techniques, characterization methods, and physical properties of these thin film materials.

Author: F. Kajzar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9782884490702
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 846

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Book Description
First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author: C. P. Wong
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483289397
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 676

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Book Description
The most recent advances in the use of polymeric materials by the electronic industry can be found in Polymers for Electronic and Photonic Applications. This bookprovides in-depth coverage of photoresis for micro-lithography, microelectronic encapsulants and packaging, insulators, dielectrics for multichip packaging,electronic and photonic applications of polymeric materials, among many other topics. Intended for engineers and scientists who design, process, and manufacturemicroelectronic components, this book will also prove useful for hybrid and systems packaging managers who want to be informed of the very latest developments inthis field.* Presents most recent advances in the use of polymeric materials by the electronic industry* Contributions by foremost experts in the field

Author: Donald L. Wise
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824701185
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1266

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Book Description
"Offers background information, methods of characterization, and applications for electrical and optical polymers, including biopolymers, and tutorial sections that explain how to use the techniques."