Electrical and Optical Properties of Alkoxide-Derived Lithium Niobate Thin-Layers PDF Download
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Author: Daniel S. Hagberg Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Sol-gel processing methods were investigated for the preparation of lithium niobate optical layers. Two alkoxide systems, ethanol and 2-methoxyethanol, were studied. The methods resulted in either randomly oriented polycrystalline layers on silicon or grain-oriented layers on sapphire and platinum substrates. Data are reported for the electrical and optical properties of the layers. In addition to stoichiometric lithium niobate layers, Ti:LiNbO3 was prepared by the addition of titanium alkoxides to the solutions. Optical data are presented for the Ti:LiNbO3 layers as a function of titanium content.
Author: Daniel S. Hagberg Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Sol-gel processing methods were investigated for the preparation of lithium niobate optical layers. Two alkoxide systems, ethanol and 2-methoxyethanol, were studied. The methods resulted in either randomly oriented polycrystalline layers on silicon or grain-oriented layers on sapphire and platinum substrates. Data are reported for the electrical and optical properties of the layers. In addition to stoichiometric lithium niobate layers, Ti:LiNbO3 was prepared by the addition of titanium alkoxides to the solutions. Optical data are presented for the Ti:LiNbO3 layers as a function of titanium content.
Author: Lisa C. Klein Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461527503 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 589
Book Description
Sol--Gel--Optics encompasses numerous schemes for fabricating optical materials from gels -- materials such as bulk optics, optical waveguides, doped oxides for laser and nonlinear optics, gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics, chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and `smart' windows. Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications provides in-depth coverage of the synthesis and fabrication of these materials and discusses the optics related to microporous, amorphous, crystalline and composite materials. The reader will also find in this book detailed descriptions of new developments in silica optics, bulk optics, waveguides and thin films. Various applications to sensor and device technology are highlighted. For researchers and students looking for novel optical materials, processing methods or device ideas, Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications surveys a wide array of promising new avenues for further investigation and for innovative applications. (This book is the first in a new subseries entitled `Electronic Materials: Science and Technology).
Author: Dennis J. Eichorst Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
The sol-gel processing of lithium niobate thin-layers on silicon from heterometallic alkoxide solutions is described. Advantages of sol-gel processing for low-temperature formation of stoichiometric lithium niobate are discussed. A recyrstallization procedure, involving a bimetallic alkoxide, was developed for the purification of alkoxide solutions. The alkoxide complex contained the appropriate cation ratio for the preparation of stoichiometric lithium niobate. Solvent selection, addition of nitric acid or ammonium hydroxide, and thermal processing conditions were shown to affect the ceramic microstructures. In particular, the solvent system and additives influenced grain growth and porosity in the crystallized layers. Methoxyethanol-derived layers had a grain size approximately twice that observed for the ethanol system. Use of a rapid heating process produced dense layers at 650 degC, whereas oxygen treatments allowed for crystallization at 400 degC.
Author: Paul G. Clem Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Integrated lithium niobate (LiNbO$sb3$) thin films are of technical interest for frequency doubling and a variety of efficient photonic circuit element applications. Solution deposition of such films on near lattice-matched substrates has been conducted, allowing low temperature processing, stoichiometry control, doping capability, and waveguiding analysis of heteroepitaxial thin layers. The structural evolution, optical properties, and device patterning of such films are reported in this thesis. Films deposited on lattice matched substrates were crystallized at low temperatures ($
Author: Dennis John Eichorst Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
Lithium niobate powders and thin-layers were prepared by sol-gel processing. Lithium niobium ethoxide and lithium niobium methoxyethoxide bimetallic alkoxides were used for both gel and thin-layer formation. Advantages of sol-gel processing were demonstrated by synthesis of LiNb(OCH$sb2$CH$sb3)sb6$crystals having the proper cation ratio for stoichiometric LiNbO$sb3$. The alkoxide deposition method also allowed for the formation of layers of uniform quality at 650$spcirc$C, thereby, avoiding lithium oxide volatility. Lithium and niobium alkoxides reacted immediately to form bimetallic alkoxides. The structure of LiNb(OCH$sb2 $CH$ sb3)sb6$ consisted of niobium ethoxide octahedra linked by lithium. Studies of hydrolysis indicated a possible gelation mechanisms of cross-linking of individual lithium niobium ethoxide "polymers". Raman studies indicated the precursor alkoxide may be maintained during formation of an amorphous oxide, and considerable long range order developed prior to crystallization. Crystallization was followed by x-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. At approximately 500$spcirc$C, the material crystallized directly into the R3c phase of lithium niobate. Heat-treatment above 650$spcirc$C gave changes associated with lithia volatility. Lithium and niobium methoxyethoxides also reacted to produce a bimetallic alkoxide. However, lithium niobium methoxyethoxide could not be crystallized from the parent alcohol. Raman studies indicated significantly less long-range order in the methoxyethoxide specimens after similar heat-treatments. The difference in long-range order was attributed to the similarity in structure of lithium niobium ethoxide with lithium niobate. During heat-treatment, structural relaxation may provide for long range order and hence crystal nuclei. Lithium niobium methoxyethoxide, on the other hand, may require greater structural rearrangement prior to crystallization. Ceramic microstructures depended on solution formulation in addition to heat-treatment conditions. Generally, rapid heating gave dense layers and a larger grain size, than by heating at 10$spcirc$C/min. Water and ammonium hydroxide additions aided densification at lower heating rates. The results demonstrate the important relationships between solution chemistry, oligomeric structures, and final microstructures.
Author: Daniel S. Hagberg
Author: Daniel S. Hagberg
Author: Lisa C. Klein
Author: Dennis J. Eichorst
Author: Vikram Joshi
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Author: Paul G. Clem
Author: 
Author: Dennis John Eichorst
Author: 
Author: