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Author: Xing Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Computer graphics Languages : en Pages : 191
Book Description
Although the strut and tie approach is a rational and reasonable approach for the design of non-flexural members in concrete structures, the approach may lead to suboptimal design, as much of the material present in the member is neglected. Other difficulties, such as the amount of time consumed and the designer dependency of the solutions, have been encountered in its implementation. To avoid these problems, design may be undertaken using conventional linear elastic finite element analysis, which can yield more efficient designs with less material usage. However, the conventional linear elastic finite element method is also inefficient when the non-flexural members contain stress singularities, such as occur in a deep beam with square or rectangular web openings. These stress singularities lead to singular stress fields which always violate the yield criterion. This thesis proposes a modified linear elastic finite element method which can successfully remove the stress singularities by adjusting the elastic modulus in certain regions. This new approach involves stress redistribution in terms of both compressive stress and tensile stress. Three different types of beams, namely shallow beams, deep beams and deep beams with rectangular openings are used to demonstrate its efficiency. Additionally, both the conventional strut-and-tie method and the conventional LEFEA method are performed for comparison. Results show that the modified linear finite element approach to design (MLEFEA) is efficient, as it can overcome some of the inefficiencies involved in both conventional the strut-and-tie design approach and the conventional linear elastic finite element design approach. Furthermore, to verify its safety, the performance of the designs resulting from the new method is assessed through non-linear finite element analysis using ABAQUS, where the results indicate that MLEFEA is safe and can be used as a design approach. In order to make the MLEFEA analysis more efficient in terms of computing time, this thesis also describes the implementation of the method on Graphic Processor Units (or GPUs). GPUs are now being widely used in various scientific computational applications due to their tremendous performance, memory bandwidth and their massively-parallel and high intensity computational capacities. This thesis applies GPUs to the stress redistribution process arising from the analysis of deep beams with rectangular openings. The basic process of stress redistribution and the GPU architecture are first introduced, then several parallel techniques for the iterative methods are reviewed. Finally the PCG method is chosen as the most suitable approach for the current application. This is followed by an introduction to the CSR storage format and the SpMV algorithm. The GPU-PCG method used for solving the equations systems is then described, and the stiffness matrix assembly in CSR format is also presented. Finally, the efficiency of the GPU implementation is demonstrated by providing speed comparison results between the GPU-based and the CPU (sequential)-based algorithm for stress redistribution for the example of a deep beam with web openings.
Author: Xing Tan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Computer graphics Languages : en Pages : 191
Book Description
Although the strut and tie approach is a rational and reasonable approach for the design of non-flexural members in concrete structures, the approach may lead to suboptimal design, as much of the material present in the member is neglected. Other difficulties, such as the amount of time consumed and the designer dependency of the solutions, have been encountered in its implementation. To avoid these problems, design may be undertaken using conventional linear elastic finite element analysis, which can yield more efficient designs with less material usage. However, the conventional linear elastic finite element method is also inefficient when the non-flexural members contain stress singularities, such as occur in a deep beam with square or rectangular web openings. These stress singularities lead to singular stress fields which always violate the yield criterion. This thesis proposes a modified linear elastic finite element method which can successfully remove the stress singularities by adjusting the elastic modulus in certain regions. This new approach involves stress redistribution in terms of both compressive stress and tensile stress. Three different types of beams, namely shallow beams, deep beams and deep beams with rectangular openings are used to demonstrate its efficiency. Additionally, both the conventional strut-and-tie method and the conventional LEFEA method are performed for comparison. Results show that the modified linear finite element approach to design (MLEFEA) is efficient, as it can overcome some of the inefficiencies involved in both conventional the strut-and-tie design approach and the conventional linear elastic finite element design approach. Furthermore, to verify its safety, the performance of the designs resulting from the new method is assessed through non-linear finite element analysis using ABAQUS, where the results indicate that MLEFEA is safe and can be used as a design approach. In order to make the MLEFEA analysis more efficient in terms of computing time, this thesis also describes the implementation of the method on Graphic Processor Units (or GPUs). GPUs are now being widely used in various scientific computational applications due to their tremendous performance, memory bandwidth and their massively-parallel and high intensity computational capacities. This thesis applies GPUs to the stress redistribution process arising from the analysis of deep beams with rectangular openings. The basic process of stress redistribution and the GPU architecture are first introduced, then several parallel techniques for the iterative methods are reviewed. Finally the PCG method is chosen as the most suitable approach for the current application. This is followed by an introduction to the CSR storage format and the SpMV algorithm. The GPU-PCG method used for solving the equations systems is then described, and the stiffness matrix assembly in CSR format is also presented. Finally, the efficiency of the GPU implementation is demonstrated by providing speed comparison results between the GPU-based and the CPU (sequential)-based algorithm for stress redistribution for the example of a deep beam with web openings.
Author: Ermakova A.V. Publisher: Издательство АСВ ISBN: 5930938792 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
The work presents the theoretical basis of Additional Finite Element Method (AFEM), which is a variant of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for analysis of reinforced concrete structures at limit state. AFEM adds to the traditional sequence of problem by FEM the units of the two well-known methods of the structural design: method of additional loads and limit state method. The problem is solved by introduction of ideal failure models and additional design diagrams formed from additional finite elements, where each AFE describes the limit state reached by the main element. The main relations defining the properties of AFEs as well as the examples of the use of Additional Finite Element Method for analysis of reinforced concrete structures at limit state are given in the work too.
Author: fib Fédération internationale du béton Publisher: fib Fédération internationale du béton ISBN: 2883940851 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 3
Book Description
Non-linear computer analysis methods have seen remarkable advancement in the last half-century. The state-of-the-art in non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete has progressed to the point where such procedures are close to being practical, every-day tools for design office engineers. Non-linear computer analysis procedures can be used to provide reliable assessments of the strength and integrity of damaged or deteriorated structures, or of structures built to previous codes, standards or practices deemed to be deficient today. They can serve as valuable tools in assessing the expected behaviour from retrofitted structures, or in investigating and rationally selecting amongst various repair alternatives. fib Bulletin 45 provides an overview of current concepts and techniques relating to computer-based finite element modelling of structural concrete. It summarises the basic knowledge required for use of nonlinear analysis methods as applied to practical design, construction and maintenance of concrete structures, and attempts to provide a diverse and balanced portrayal of the current technical knowledge, recognizing that there are often competing and conflicting viewpoints. This report does not give advice on picking one model over another but, rather, provides guidance to designers on how to use existing and future models as tools in design practice, in benchmarking of their models against established and reliable test data and in selecting an appropriate safety factor as well as recognising various pitfalls. fib Bulletin 45 is intended for practicing engineers, and therefore focuses more on practical application and less on the subtleties of constitutive modelling.
Author: Chong Yik Melvin Goh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
Most reinforced concrete (RC) design provisions have been developed on the basis of experimental data involving isolated and highly-idealized structural elements. As a result, many of the RC-related design provisions currently used are unsuitable for providing accurate assessments of RC structural systems. Thus, there is a need for practical modeling procedures that can be used to reliably investigate the performance of real-world RC structures. Such tools can aid in the assessment of structures that are exhibiting distress, that employ atypical or code-deficient design details, are in need of retrofit or modification, or simply are of a type that fall outside of traditional design provisions. This dissertation presents the development and application of nonlinear finite element analysis procedures employing cracked concrete material modeling based on the formulations of the Disturbed Stress Field Model (DSFM). These procedures are used to investigate the punching shear performance of RC flat plates, an area where design is typically done in a highly-idealized manner; yet, structure performance may be greatly impacted by system-level response. Nonlinear finite element modeling was done using two approaches. Three-dimensional solid continuum modeling was found to provide good response estimates for slab-column connection specimens under concentric shear loading and effectively captured the effects of different parameters on punching performance: reinforcement ratio, column size, and slab thickness. The validated solid modeling procedure was used to perform a parametric study on the influence of boundary conditions on the response of multi-bay flat plate structures. The findings indicated that RC slab systems are likely to have load capacities that are greater than that inferred from isolated connection elements. Alternatively, RC slab modeling was also done using computationally-efficient layered shell finite elements that accommodate through-thickness shearing effects. A simple sectional analysis modification procedure was used to incorporate strength enhancements within slab disturbed regions and the proposed procedure was shown to be capable of providing reasonable estimates for the punching shear strength of RC slab-column connections and slab subsystems. Predicted load-displacement curves and failure modes were in reasonable agreement with test data and provided estimates that were similar to those obtained using costlier solid modeling techniques
Author: Pui-Lam Ng Publisher: Open Dissertation Press ISBN: 9781361429587 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "Constitutive Modelling and Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures" by Pui-lam, Ng, 吳沛林, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled CONSTITUTIVE MODELLING AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Submitted by NG Pui Lam for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in September 2007 This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the development of new constitutive models of reinforced concrete. To properly simulate the stress path dependence of concrete, the author devises herein the nonlinear damage model. In this model, the microcracking induced by stressing of concrete is viewed as damage, which is described by two quantifiable damage parameters: the damaged modulus and the residual strain. On the shear behaviour of concrete, it is postulated that the shear stress envelope of concrete is governed by two criteria: the Mohr-Coulomb criterion of maximum shear stress and the non- orthogonal minor crack criterion of maximum shear stress. A stress path dependent shear stress-strain relation of concrete is established. Time dependent analysis of shrinkage and creep effects in concrete structures requires storage of stress histories of finite elements for evaluation of creep. This poses a hindrance to the analysis of large problems. To circumvent the memorisation of stress histories, a new multi-layer visco-elastic concrete creep model is developed. Besides, for structures constructed in stages, re-analysis of the partially completed structure in each stage is necessary in response to changes in structural configurations during construction. Herein, the locked-in strain is introduced to allow analysing altogether the completed and uncompleted portions, thus eliminating the efforts on re-meshing and location matching of element stresses and deformations. The interactions between concrete and reinforcement are simulated in conjunction with the discrete modelling of reinforcing bars. The Goodman interface element is adapted for modelling concrete-to-reinforcement bond with the implementation of nonlinear bond stress-slip relation. Besides, the dowel action for discrete reinforcing bars is modelled based on the beam on elastic foundation theory. The second part of this thesis is on the analysis of reinforced concrete structures. The tension stiffening phenomenon in cracked concrete beams is investigated. From finite element analysis, stress distributions at beam cross-sections are revealed and based on which a tensile stress block is derived. The tensile stress block enables assessment of beam deflections in structural design process without resorting to finite element analysis for each individual beam. Furthermore, the post- peak behaviour of beams and deep beams is analysed. The effects of concrete residual strain, bond slip, and dowel action on beam responses are studied. The finite element programme is applied to the analysis of shear transfer across joints between concrete units, with particular reference to precast segmental post-tensioned bridges. To model the epoxy adhesive between joint surfaces, the epoxy element is developed from the nonlinear linkage element. It is found that with the joint surfaces pressing against each other by prestressing, the shear transfer capacity of flat joints is already sufficient (comparable to intact concrete), and the provision of shear keys at joint surfaces is superfluous from the shear stren
Author: A. J. M. Ferreira Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402092008 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This book intend to supply readers with some MATLAB codes for ?nite element analysis of solids and structures. After a short introduction to MATLAB, the book illustrates the ?nite element implementation of some problems by simple scripts and functions. The following problems are discussed: • Discrete systems, such as springs and bars • Beams and frames in bending in 2D and 3D • Plane stress problems • Plates in bending • Free vibration of Timoshenko beams and Mindlin plates, including laminated composites • Buckling of Timoshenko beams and Mindlin plates The book does not intends to give a deep insight into the ?nite element details, just the basic equations so that the user can modify the codes. The book was prepared for undergraduate science and engineering students, although it may be useful for graduate students. TheMATLABcodesofthisbookareincludedinthedisk.Readersarewelcomed to use them freely. The author does not guarantee that the codes are error-free, although a major e?ort was taken to verify all of them. Users should use MATLAB 7.0 or greater when running these codes. Any suggestions or corrections are welcomed by an email to [email protected].
Author: Anders Logg Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642230997 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 723
Book Description
This book is a tutorial written by researchers and developers behind the FEniCS Project and explores an advanced, expressive approach to the development of mathematical software. The presentation spans mathematical background, software design and the use of FEniCS in applications. Theoretical aspects are complemented with computer code which is available as free/open source software. The book begins with a special introductory tutorial for beginners. Following are chapters in Part I addressing fundamental aspects of the approach to automating the creation of finite element solvers. Chapters in Part II address the design and implementation of the FEnicS software. Chapters in Part III present the application of FEniCS to a wide range of applications, including fluid flow, solid mechanics, electromagnetics and geophysics.
Author: Xing Tan
Author: Xing Tan
Author: Ermakova A.V.
Author: fib Fédération internationale du béton
Author: Jamal Hadi Naji
Author: Chong Yik Melvin Goh
Author: Pui-Lam Ng
Author: Laura N. Lowes
Author: A. J. M. Ferreira
Author: 
Author: Anders Logg