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Author: Udeme Usanga Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346936805 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 59
Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2015 in the subject Biology - Ecology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike), course: Pest Management and Control, language: English, abstract: Neem leaf extract from plant specie, Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) was investigated for efficacy and economics in the control and management of insect pests at the Students' Experimental and Research Farm of Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria in 2015. The results revealed that the frequency of grasshopper as the most prevalent insect pest was (49.06%), while white fly was the least (6.6%). The most prevalent insect pest that attacked cucumber was the spotted Cucumber beetle, (43.95%), while aphid was the least. The treatment solution, Deltamethrin at 10 ml/litre and 20 ml/li were highly phytotoxic, killing some of the maize and cucumber plants; but at 5.0 ml/litre, the plants were not affected and insect population was reduced as in all other treatments. Infestation of the plant continued till the 56 days after planting (DAP) and the insect population was consistently low on plants treated with Neem extract from 21 DAP to 56 DAP. Infestation of untreated plants attained a peak at 41 DAP. Insect population on untreated plants was not significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those on treated plots at 21 DAP and 56 DAP, respectively. This was probably due to the treatment application, which did not start until 21 DAP. There was 81% reduction in leaf damage on plants treated with A. indica at 20 ml/litre, 80% reduction at 10 ml/litre and 72% at 5 ml/litre; while plants treated with Deltamethrin at 5 .0ml/litre gave 54%, at 3.75 ml/litre, 52% and at 2.5 ml/litre, 50%, reduction in leaf area damaged respectively. The cost of deltamethrin at N1, 150.00 per litre compared with the cost of preparing 500 grammes of pounded neem leaves soaked in 1.5 litres of distilled water at N200.00 only. The difference of N950.00 indicates that synthetic chemical pesticide is very costly and resource- poor farmers may not be able to afford them to control pests in their farms. Therefore, it is concluded that Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (neem) extract can be a suitable alternative to synthetic pesticide for the management of crop pests, and since it is cheap, available and easy to prepare, it can save the farmer's production cost. If this simple technology is adopted by small scale farmers, it will improve the farmers’ income, without harming the farmer, customers and consumers or disrupting the agro-ecosystem.
Author: Udeme Usanga Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346936805 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 59
Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2015 in the subject Biology - Ecology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike), course: Pest Management and Control, language: English, abstract: Neem leaf extract from plant specie, Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) was investigated for efficacy and economics in the control and management of insect pests at the Students' Experimental and Research Farm of Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria in 2015. The results revealed that the frequency of grasshopper as the most prevalent insect pest was (49.06%), while white fly was the least (6.6%). The most prevalent insect pest that attacked cucumber was the spotted Cucumber beetle, (43.95%), while aphid was the least. The treatment solution, Deltamethrin at 10 ml/litre and 20 ml/li were highly phytotoxic, killing some of the maize and cucumber plants; but at 5.0 ml/litre, the plants were not affected and insect population was reduced as in all other treatments. Infestation of the plant continued till the 56 days after planting (DAP) and the insect population was consistently low on plants treated with Neem extract from 21 DAP to 56 DAP. Infestation of untreated plants attained a peak at 41 DAP. Insect population on untreated plants was not significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those on treated plots at 21 DAP and 56 DAP, respectively. This was probably due to the treatment application, which did not start until 21 DAP. There was 81% reduction in leaf damage on plants treated with A. indica at 20 ml/litre, 80% reduction at 10 ml/litre and 72% at 5 ml/litre; while plants treated with Deltamethrin at 5 .0ml/litre gave 54%, at 3.75 ml/litre, 52% and at 2.5 ml/litre, 50%, reduction in leaf area damaged respectively. The cost of deltamethrin at N1, 150.00 per litre compared with the cost of preparing 500 grammes of pounded neem leaves soaked in 1.5 litres of distilled water at N200.00 only. The difference of N950.00 indicates that synthetic chemical pesticide is very costly and resource- poor farmers may not be able to afford them to control pests in their farms. Therefore, it is concluded that Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (neem) extract can be a suitable alternative to synthetic pesticide for the management of crop pests, and since it is cheap, available and easy to prepare, it can save the farmer's production cost. If this simple technology is adopted by small scale farmers, it will improve the farmers’ income, without harming the farmer, customers and consumers or disrupting the agro-ecosystem.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251312311 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Fall Armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) was first reported in Africa in 2016. Since then, it has become a very destructive invasive pest in sub-Saharan Africa. Its main impact is on maize crops and affects different stages of growth, from early vegetative to physiological maturity. In several countries affected by FAW attack, farmer responses have been predominantly based on the use of chemical pesticides. It is important to ensure the safe use of such pesticides by farmers, but also to promote and deploy an integrated pest management (IPM) package against FAW. Farmers need the right advice, tools and resources to sustainably manage FAW. This manual provides farmers and extension service providers easy-to-use information on how they can manage FAW in smallholder cropping systems. It provides information about modules for training trainers in FAW pest diagnostics, scouting, management and data collection. The objective of this training is to provide trainers and farmers with the knowledge and skills that will enable them to identify FAW and differentiate it from other similar pests; understand the life cycle of FAW; and, know how to monitor and manage the pest. This manual gives trainers the information they need in order to support and sustain an IPM approach for FAW management in their communities. The manual is modular and allows for updates in the future as more knowledge and solutions to manage FAW become available.
Author: Omkar Ph.D. Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128032669 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 764
Book Description
Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world's population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. - Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. - Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. - Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.
Book Description
Traditional and modern perspectives of neem; Using neem to controle pests; Effects of neem on montarget organisms; Socioeconomics of neem; Neem use in integrated pes management; Botanical pesticides other than neem; Lessons leamed and the next steps.
Author: Heinrich Schmutterer Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 748
Book Description
The most comprehensive and best illustrated treatment of the fascinating tropical neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and its unique substances. The extracts from the neem tree have an enormously broad range of applications. The main substance azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid, influences the hormone system of insects, exerting thereby a pesticidal effect. Feeding activity, reproduction and flying ability of insects are also affected. It is biologically degradable and can be easily extracted from the seeds of the tree. Other important uses of neem tree products are: - antifertility and population control - cure of human diseases - manure and nitrification inhibitors - feeds for domestic animals - soap production With its exhaustive treatment of the neem tree and closely related plants, this book provides us with an impressive example of the varied uses of renewable resources.
Author: Philip C. Stevenson Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039287885 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
The global biodiversity and climate emergencies demand transformative changes to human activities. For example, food production relies on synthetic, industrial and non-sustainable products for managing pests, weeds and diseases of crops. Sustainable farming requires approaches to managing these agricultural constraints that are more environmentally benign and work with rather than against nature. Increasing pressure on synthetic products has reinvigorated efforts to identify alternative pest management options, including plant-based solutions that are environmentally benign and can be tailored to different farmers’ needs, from commercial to small holder and subsistence farming. Botanical insecticides and pesticidal plants can offer a novel, effective and more sustainable alternative to synthetic products for controlling pests, diseases and weeds. This Special Issue reviews and reports the latest developments in plant-based pesticides from identification of bioactive plant chemicals, mechanisms of activity and validation of their use in horticulture and disease vector control. Other work reports applications in rice weeds, combination biopesticides and how chemistry varies spatially and influences the effectiveness of botanicals in different locations. Three reviews assess wider questions around the potential of plant-based pest management to address the global challenges of new, invasive and established crop pests and as-yet underexploited pesticidal plants.
Author: Opender Koul Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402025963 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
The chemicals from plant sources, generally termed as phytochemicals, play an important role in acceptance or rejection of the plant by the pests as they could be distasteful or toxic on one hand or on the other hand specialist herbivores have the capability to feed on many such chemicals, as they are able to process these natural products in a manner that is beneficial to them. In the wake of increasing environmental degradation due to burgeoning synthetic chemicals, there has been a process going on to rediscover the usefulness of plants and herbs and a continued effort for more than 2 decades has been to study the green products for cures for several ailments and pest management. In fact, according to Indian Medicinal Plants: A Sectoral Study, the global trade for medicinal plants amounts to about US $ 60 billion and the world demand continues to grow at the rate of 7 per cent per annum. Although many such plants are known in literature, neem has been one of trees with mani-fold virtues. Indian neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, which is a large evergreen tree, is an outstanding example among plants that has been subject matter of numerous scientific studies concerning its utilization in medicine, industry and agriculture. So far neem preparations have been evaluated against more than 500 species of insects and more than 400 hundred are reported to be susceptible at different concentrations.
Author: H.S. Puri Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203304314 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
This comprehensive review on neem is an excellent collation of observations and research efforts by botanists, taxonomists and medical practitioners and will be of interest to everyone with an interest involved in medicinal and aromatic plant research.
Author: Udeme Usanga
Author: Udeme Usanga
Author: Ulrich März
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Philippines
Author: Omkar Ph.D.
Author: Guan Soon Lim
Author: Heinrich Schmutterer
Author: Philip C. Stevenson
Author: Opender Koul
Author: H.S. Puri