Effects of Social Class and Ethnicity on Parental Attitudes Toward Type, Severity, and Purpose of Punishment of Normal Children PDF Download

Author: Ted Takamiya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discipline of children
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388570
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525

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Book Description
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

Author: Jana Weiss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Child abuse
Languages : en
Pages : 120

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The purpose of this research is to explore disciplinary practices employed by families from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. In history, corporal punishment, (CP; also known as flagellation) was a practice widely used in religious settings during the eighth century. The social norm was to whip for punishment but also for pleasure. For some, CP is one way of disciplining children in home and in school settings. There are signs that are present in determining whether a parent may practice CP in the home that include certain parenting behaviors, socioeconomic status (SES), parent mood, and discipline responses. It has been seen that the risk of a child being physically abused increases when his or her parent(s) practice CP. The parental SES and ethnicity are determinants for the practice of corporal punishment. The use of CP negatively impacts the child due to the physical abuse that can occur by using CP. When a child has been physically abused, he or she has a greater chance of becoming violent into adulthood, having mental health issues, and engaging in criminal antisocial behaviors. The design of this study was experimental and had a quantitative method component. There were 74 participants randomly selected from the Concordia University campus to participate in a 17-question survey, which assessed CP experience of the student, parents’ income, and race. The hypothesis of this study is Caucasian students from upper-class backgrounds will report a higher number of CP experiences than non-Caucasian students from lower and middle class backgrounds. The results of this study indicated there is no significances or differences between CP experiences, income levels, and race.--

Author: Elizabeth T. Gershoff
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319148184
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 125

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This Brief reviews the past, present, and future use of school corporal punishment in the United States, a practice that remains legal in 19 states as it is constitutionally permitted according to the U.S. Supreme Court. As a result of school corporal punishment, nearly 200,000 children are paddled in schools each year. Most Americans are unaware of this fact or the physical injuries sustained by countless school children who are hit with objects by school personnel in the name of discipline. Therefore, Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools begins by summarizing the legal basis for school corporal punishment and trends in Americans’ attitudes about it. It then presents trends in the use of school corporal punishment in the United States over time to establish its past and current prevalence. It then discusses what is known about the effects of school corporal punishment on children, though with so little research on this topic, much of the relevant literature is focused on parents’ use of corporal punishment with their children. It also provides results from a policy analysis that examines the effect of state-level school corporal punishment bans on trends in juvenile crime. It concludes by discussing potential legal, policy, and advocacy avenues for abolition of school corporal punishment at the state and federal levels as well as summarizing how school corporal punishment is being used and what its potential implications are for thousands of individual students and for the society at large. As school corporal punishment becomes more and more regulated at the state level, Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools serves an essential guide for policymakers and advocates across the country as well as for researchers, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students.

Author: Lorelei Mitchell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Book Description
The twentieth century saw profound demographic changes, generating considerable anxiety about the well being of the child and the future of the family. The movement to ban corporal punishment provides a compelling example of how such anxiety is manifested in discussions of childrearing. Debates around child discipline speak directly to the burning question, "Who exactly is in charge of families today?" By and large, the common expert consensus is that corporal punishment is considered to be a symptom of dysfunctional parenting, yet corporal punishment is almost universal in American families, and especially prevalent in low-income and/or African American families. Single mothers in particular are believed to be at high risk for "harsh parenting," but family structure itself is closely tied to race and class. Most research regarding corporal punishment has relied heavily on white, middle-class samples, and very few studies have looked specifically at the relationship between family structure and corporal punishment. The study reported here is unique in that it offers and tests a conceptual model for predicting corporal punishment by family structure using a large sample of low-income, predominantly African American families and advanced analytical method. Study findings contradict commonly held beliefs regarding single mothers' propensity toward corporal punishment, as well as the reflexive equation of corporal punishment with harsh parenting. Mothers in this study were most likely to use (low level) corporal punishment when living with the biological father or in a multi-generational family. Likewise, maternal warmth was associated with (low level) corporal punishment. Mothers living with surrogate fathers were more likely to report higher, potentially problematic levels of physical punishment, consistent with research showing an elevated risk of child maltreatment in reconstituted families. This study demonstrates that family structure interacts in complex ways with race and class to influence parenting. Research that relies on main effects models of family structure and Eurocentric notions of family is likely to yield misleading findings and may indeed result in the denigration of legitimate cultural differences in parenting. Corporal Punishment and Low-Income Mothers is an essential, groundbreaking study with important implications for those in sociology and social work.

Author: David J. DePalma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Child psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Author: Michael Donnelly
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780300206340
Category : Corporal punishment of children
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
Despite being commonplace in American households a generation ago, corporal punishment of children has been subjected to criticism and shifting attitudes in recent years. Many school districts have banned it, and many child advocates recommend that parents no longer spank or strike their children. In this book, social theorist Michael Donnelly and family violence expert Murray A. Straus tap the expertise of social science scholars and researchers who address issues of corporal punishment, a subject that is now characterized as a key issue in child welfare. The contributors discuss corporal punishment, its use, causes, and consequences, drawing on a wide array of comparative, psychological, and sociological theories. Together, they clarify the analytical issues and lay a strong foundation for future research and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Author: Mika Nakayama
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172357
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 405

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Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Author: A. Judie
Publisher: Elsevier India
ISBN: 8131253368
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1019

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Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing: Second South Asian Edition