Author: Chris KendallPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
Effects of Dietary NDF Concentration and in Vitro NDF Digestbility on Performance of Early Lactating Dairy Cows
Author: Chris KendallEffects of Enhanced in Vitro Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility of Forage on Feed Intake and Performance of Lactating Cows
Author: Masahito ObaForage Fiber Analyses (apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications)
Author: H. K. GoeringEffects of NDF Digestibility on Lactating Jersey Cows
Author: Kirby Craig KrogstadPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 157
Book Description
Improving the digestibility of fiber and our understanding of how to feed it will optimize the ruminants' niche in our society, which is to convert human inedible products to high quality protein in the form of meat and milk. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility has been studied and modeled for decades, but it is increasingly important as livestock production is scrutinized for resource use and sustainability. Increasing the amount of NDF fed and improving models of NDF digestibility will improve sustainability by increasing the precision at which we feed livestock which results in less nutrient and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Profitability for farmers will also improve because feeds with greater NDF concentrations are generally cheaper than those with fat, starch, or other energy dense nutrients. We evaluated how in vitro estimates of NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) affected animal performance predictions from ration software. Forages and fibrous byproducts from 8 energy balance studies were evaluated for IVNDFD, and the IVNDFD estimates were used in place of feed library NDF digestibility (NDFD) values from the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) to evaluate if using IVNDFD of feeds improved ration formulation predictions of milk and CH4 production. The CNCPS predictions demonstrated that using IVNDFD improved predictions of CH4 production, but not of milk production. Our results suggest that using IVNDFD may aid in predicting CH4 production which is of increasing importance as GHG emissions from livestock are scrutinized, but that other strategies, like estimating the indigestible NDF (iNDF) fraction of feeds, should be explored as a way of improving model predictions of milk production. A second experiment evaluated feeding NDF from different sources and processing methods as techniques to optimize NDFD. Seven rumen cannulated Jersey cows were fed in a crossover design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement; the factors were forage concentration and DDGS form. Treatment combinations were low forage with meal DDGS (LF-mDDGS), low forage with pelleted DDGS (LF-pDDGS), high forage with meal DDGS (HF-mDDGS) and high forage with pelleted DDGS (HFpDDGS). Increasing forage concentration slowed rumen passage rate, increased rumen pH and increased rumen NH3, but did not change NDF digestibility or energy corrected milk yield, as we hypothesized. Interestingly, pelleting DDGS appeared to increase the NDF and energy digestibility of the rations, which mirrored results from in vitro evaluations of meal and pelleted DDGS. Further investigation of the effects pelleting has on fibrous feeds is warranted because it may be an effective procedure to improve the feeding value of DDGS or other fibrous feeds by improving their NDFD.
Influence of NDF on Milk Production, Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Rate of Passage in Early Lactation Cows
Author: Carol DelaneyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Book Description
Validation of a Novel Approach to Predict Total Tract NDF Digestibility in Dairy Cattle Using an in Vitro Assay
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Three experiments were conducted to compare estimates of fiber digestion predicted from in vitro fiber digestibility analysis of diets to fiber digestion measured in lactating cows fed the same diets. In the first experiment, an in vivo study was performed to validate an in vitro procedure that predicts rate of fiber digestion and total tract fiber digestibility (TTNDFD). Two corn silages differed in fiber digestibility (high and low) were used in this trial. Two diets were formulated and analyzed using the in vitro assay to predict the TTNDFD and rumen potentially digestible NDF (pdNDF) and rate of digestion (kd). Similar diets were fed to eight ruminally cannulated multiparous dairy cows at restricted intake (approximately 90% of ad libitum intake) and at ad libitum intake. The in vitro TTNDFD test predicted total tract NDF digestibility of diets similar to digestibility observed in vivo, but for Low fiber digestibility corn silage (LFDCS) diets, this test underestimated the digestibility compared to in vivo. These results suggest that the in vitro TTNDFD model could be used to predict rate of fiber digestion and NDF digestibility for dairy cows. In a second trial, the effect of altering ratios of corn silage and alfalfa silage on fiber digestion were evaluated. The two forages had similar NDF composition, but fiber in the corn silage contained less indigestible NDF (iNDF) than the alfalfa silage. Four diets were formulated containing different DM proportions of alfalfa and corn silage, and fed to eight ruminally-cannulated dairy cows. Total tract fiber digestibility and fiber digestion kinetic parameters observed in vivo were compared to the values predicted by the in vitro assay and model. Total tract NDF digestibility coefficients were similar for the in vitro and in vivo method. As the proportion of dietary alfalfa increased, the digestibility of NDF increased. The rate of digestion of pdNDF predicted from the in vitro assay was also similar to what was observed. Results suggest that the in vitro TTNDFD model could be used to predict rate of fiber digestion and NDF digestibility for lactating dairy cattle. The objective of the third experiment was to validate an in vitro test to predict total tract fiber digestibility in lactating cows by an in vitro assay. Twenty-one diets fed to lactating cows in seven different studies were used for this trial. Fiber digestibility measured in vivo was similar to values obtained from the in vitro assay. This in vitro approach can predict values of fiber digestibility similar to values directly measured in vivo.
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Author: Subcommittee on Beef Cattle NutritionPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069343
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Book Description
As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.
Energy Nutrition in Ruminants
Author: E.R. OrskovPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400907516
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Book Description
This book is intended to be a companion volume to 'Protein Nutrition in Ruminants' (1982, Academic Press), which emphasized both the role of proteins and new systems for their evaluation. Here the focus is on energy-yielding nutrients and problems involved in evaluating them. Nonetheless in both volumes there is explicit recognition of the interdependence of energy and protein nutrition. I have not attempted to review comprehensively all the literature relating to ruminant energy nutrition and must apologize to colleagues whose work is not fully reported. Where possible tables and figures are taken from the studies of our group at the Rowett Research Institute since, if for no other reason, I am most familiar with these data. I have first considered the nutrition of the newborn and have stressed the role of behaviour 'in determining whether nutrients enter or bypass the rumen. The development of the rumen, the of anaerobic fermentation and the roles of various principles . species of rumen bacteria, protozoa and fungi in relation to different substrates, are summarized. This is followed by accounts of the factors affecting the utilization of different substrates and the v vi Preface absorption and metabolism of the end-products of fermentation and digestion, together with estimates of digestive capacity in various segments of the gut. The ruminant's requirements for energy-yielding nutrients is considered in relation to the per formance of various activities and to environmental conditions, particular attention being paid to the requirement for glucose precursors.
Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility
Author: H. G. JungPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 832
Book Description
Organization of forage plants tissue. Utilization of forage fiber by ruminants. Perspectives of cell wall biodegradation-session synopsis. Quantitative analysis of cell wall components. Analysis of forage cell wall polysaccharides. Application of methods for the investigation of lignin structure. Analysis of plant cell walls-session synopsis. Composition and structure of cell wall polysaccharides in forages. Lignin/hydroxycinnamic acid/polycinnamic complexes: synthetic models for regiochemical characterization. Comprehensive model of the lignified plant cell wall. Structure of forage cell walls-session synopsis. Cell wall polysaccharide interactions and degradability. Cell wall lignification and degradability . Machanistic models of forage cell wall degradation. Cell wall matrix interactions and degradation-session synopsis. Microbial adhesion and degradation of plants cell walls. Microbial ecology of cell wall fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis of forage cell walls. Microbial and molecular mechanisms of cell wall degradation-session synopsis. Particle-size reduction by ruminants-effects of cell wall. Kinetics of cell wall digestion and passage in ruminants., Influence of feeding management on ruminant fiber digestibility., Cell wall degradation in the ruminant-session synopsis. Cell wall biosynthesis and its regulation. Environmental and genetic effects on cell wall composition and digestibility. Postharvest treatment of fibrous feedstuffs to improve their nutritive value. Machanisms for altering cell wall utilization-session synopsis.
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition
Author: W. HaresignPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148310026X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.