Effectiveness of Vegetative Buffer Strips in Reducing Herbicide Transport with Surface Runoff Under Simulated Rainfall PDF Download

Author: Akhilesh Kumar Misra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Jonathan Stewart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Sediment and nutrient transport in agricultural surface runoff has been a challenge for watershed managers for decades. Excessive nutrient loading to streams and rivers has led to problems ranging from hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico to drinking water contaminations throughout the world. In addition, these agricultural pollutants have impaired the water quality in many lakes and rivers which in turn have negatively affected both human and aquatic life. In order to reduce the environmental impacts from agricultural surface runoff many farmers, landowners, and land managers have implemented riparian buffers to reduce both sediment and nutrient loading in surface runoff. This study utilized fifteen 1x10 m flumes, with three replicates of each treatment, to determine the effectiveness of various riparian buffer species for their ability to attenuate nutrients and sediment from surface runoff. Treatments included, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), giant cane ( Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.), corn (Zea maize), and non-vegetated bare soil buffers (controls). Surface runoff samples were collected from every natural rainfall event that produced overland flow and were analyzed for sediment and a suite of nutrients. Giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers were effective vegetated buffer species for reducing turbidity, total suspended solids, ammonium, and total phosphorus concentrations. The giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers performed better than the corn and control buffers at removing turbidity, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus. When comparing the giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers to the control buffer the removal of sediment was substantial. For example, giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass removed from 6 to 14 times more total suspended solids than the bare ground control treatment. Furthermore, the giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass also removed from 5 to 9 times more turbidity than the control treatment. The removal of nutrients was also significant for the giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass treatments. For example, giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass removed from 2 to 4 times more ammonium than the control and from 4 to 5 times more total phosphorus than the control treatment. The giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass did not remove dissolved reactive phosphorus better than the control treatment and they were less effective at removing nitrate levels when compared to the control treatment. The giant cane buffer proved to be a very effective riparian buffer species because it had significantly higher soil infiltration rates than that of the control, corn, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers. Giant cane had an infiltration rate of 103.6 cm hr-1, while the infiltration rates of the control, corn, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass were 8.8 cm hr -1, 11.2 cm hr-1, 14.1 cm hr-1, and 24.9 cm hr-1, respectively. Data suggest that giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers may be promising riparian buffer species for the removal of both sediment and nutrients in agricultural surface runoff.

Author: David Ray Shaw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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Author: Janis Mc Farland Ph.D.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080559638
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 604

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Over the past 50 years, triazines have made a great impact on agriculture and world hunger by assisting in the development of new farming methods, providing greater farming and land use capabilities, and increasing crop yields. Triazines are registered in over 80 countries and save billions of dollars a year. The Triazine Herbicides is the one book that presents a comprehensive view of the total science and agriculture of these chemicals. With emphasis on how the chemicals are studied and developed, reviewed, and used at the agricultural level this book provides valuable insight into the benefits of triazine herbicides for sustainable agriculture. - Presents previously unpublished information on the discovery, development and marketing of herbicides - Includes a vital section on the origin, use, economics and fate of triazine herbicides - Covers benefits of triazines in corn and sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops - Establishes best management practice and environmental benefits of use in conservation tillage

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Author: Jeffrey M. Giddings
Publisher: SETAC
ISBN: 1880611783
Category : Aquatic organisms
Languages : en
Pages : 433

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Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461559693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this jOint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 40 (thesis year 1995) a total of 10,746 thesis titles from 19 Canadian and 144 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 40 reports theses submitted in 1995, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.

Author: John R. Ruberson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824794330
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 870

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"Provides a detailed summary of pest management principles and techniques, outlining a broad selection of critical issues regarding current practice and future technology in this area. Discusses the role of soils, weather, and surrounding habitats in regulating pest occurrence and severity."

Author: J. L. Hatfield
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781575040691
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Integrated Weed and Soil Management explores the connection between soil science and weed control, providing the latest research and applications for weed management in agricultural systems. Five major areas discussed include: surface residue, tillage, and weed and soil management integration of soil and weed management to reduce environmental degradation modeling weed emergence, interference, and management new technology and management development of the next generation of weed management systems Throughout the text, the editors and contributors replace weed control terminology with weed management terminology, shifting the paradigm of one of control to one of better management. Integrated Weed and Soil Management, a great reference for higher research, improves your understanding of soil science, weed biology, and ecology - leading to effective practical application and maximum results.