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Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513547437 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513547437 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author: Nik. K. Baltas Publisher: Nova Publishers ISBN: 9781590336113 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
The food and drinks sectors occupy the first place in Greek manufacturing industry. The share of food and drinks in total manufacturing industry value added reached 24.7 per cent in 1998. The average size of employment in food and drinks establishments is 5.2 persons per unit and is similar to that for manufacturing industry in general (4.9). Exports and imports of food and drinks increased during the 1980-95 period. However, imports increased faster than exports. As a result, the positive balance of trade turned negative. Although demand for food increased between 1980 and 1998, the share of private expenditure for food in total private expenditure decreased by 8.5 percentage points (thanks to correspondingly low elasticities). The corresponding share for drinks increased by one percentage point during the 1980-90 period and has remained constant since then. The aim of this book is to quantify Greek investors' behaviour at aggregate level for all sectors and all regions over the period 1981-1999, as well as at individual sector level. Investors' behaviour is examined by employing a synthesised traditional model. The traditional model is estimated using alternative panel data methods. First, the dynamic panel data model is estimated with a common intercept by employing the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The dynamic panel data formulation is also estimated using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation technique.
Author: John L. Pender Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135121966 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 243
Book Description
This book investigates the role of wealth in achieving sustainable rural economic development. The authors define wealth as all assets net of liabilities that can contribute to well-being, and they provide examples of many forms of capital – physical, financial, human, natural, social, and others. They propose a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation that considers how multiple forms of wealth provide opportunities for rural development, and how development strategies affect the dynamics of wealth. They also provide a new accounting framework for measuring wealth stocks and flows. These conceptual frameworks are employed in case study chapters on measuring rural wealth and on rural wealth creation strategies. Rural Wealth Creation makes numerous contributions to research on sustainable rural development. Important distinctions are drawn to help guide wealth measurement, such as the difference between the wealth located within a region and the wealth owned by residents of a region, and privately owned versus publicly owned wealth. Case study chapters illustrate these distinctions and demonstrate how different forms of wealth can be measured. Several key hypotheses are proposed about the process of rural wealth creation, and these are investigated by case study chapters assessing common rural development strategies, such as promoting rural energy industries and amenity-based development. Based on these case studies, a typology of rural wealth creation strategies is proposed and an approach to mapping the potential of such strategies in different contexts is demonstrated. This book will be relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers looking at rural community development, sustainable economic development, and wealth measurement.
Author: John A. Dixon Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251046272 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Author: Clark Edwards Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Extract: Domestic markets are growing too slowly to absorb increases in U.S. farm production. But reliance on foreign markets can make farmers vulnerable to sudden swings in prices, which are transmitted to other domestic sectors as well. This report assesses U.S. agriculture's capacity to meet domestic and export demands, and the likely consequences of doing so, under different economic assumptions about the future. By shifting production among regions, adopting new technology, and keeping up the quality of its resources, U.S. agriculture could double its exports within the next 30 years.
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Author: Brian T. Brase
Author: Nik. K. Baltas
Author: 
Author: John L. Pender
Author: 
Author: John A. Dixon
Author: Clark Edwards
Author: Ephraim Chirwa
Author: Theo S. Eicher