Economic and Environmental Impacts of Disease-resistant Crops Developed with Cisgenesis PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9789276616016 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In the 2021 Study on the status of new genomic techniques under Union law and in light of the Court of Justice ruling in Case C-528/16, the European Commission defines New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) as techniques developed after the publication of Directive 2001/18/EC that are able to alter the genetic material of an organism. Also in 2021, the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission published reports on the technological state-of-the-art and on current and future market applications of NGTs (Broothaerts et al., 2021; C. Parisi & Rodriguez-Cerezo, 2021). In this report, we present two case studies on crops with improved biotic resistances that were developed with an NGT. Namely, cisgenic potatoes resistant to Phytophthora infestans and cisgenic apples resistant to Venturia inaequalis. We discuss the potential advantages of cisgenesis in tackling the challenges breeders currently face in the development of varieties with improved biotic resistances, and assess potential impacts that these varieties could have for the European agri-food system.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9789276616016 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In the 2021 Study on the status of new genomic techniques under Union law and in light of the Court of Justice ruling in Case C-528/16, the European Commission defines New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) as techniques developed after the publication of Directive 2001/18/EC that are able to alter the genetic material of an organism. Also in 2021, the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission published reports on the technological state-of-the-art and on current and future market applications of NGTs (Broothaerts et al., 2021; C. Parisi & Rodriguez-Cerezo, 2021). In this report, we present two case studies on crops with improved biotic resistances that were developed with an NGT. Namely, cisgenic potatoes resistant to Phytophthora infestans and cisgenic apples resistant to Venturia inaequalis. We discuss the potential advantages of cisgenesis in tackling the challenges breeders currently face in the development of varieties with improved biotic resistances, and assess potential impacts that these varieties could have for the European agri-food system.
Author: Anurag Chaurasia Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031107217 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive compilation of existing knowledge on the impact of cisgenic crops on biodiversity, environment, and ecosystem. Strategies to create and access cisgenic crops, potential risks assessment, and legal implications across the globe (European Union, North and South Americas, Africa, and Asia) are enumerated. Ethics, economics, safety, social concerns, and consumer acceptance of cisgenic foods are deliberated. Policy paradigm and ways to overcome GM regulations through cisgenic crops are highlighted. The book has 12 chapters authored by internationally leading experts on the subject. This book will be useful especially for the policy makers and GMO regulators, while the students, teachers, and researchers from across the globe will be equally benefited.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309437385 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 607
Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Sean Clark Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038423041 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Sustainable Agriculture–Beyond Organic Farming" that was published in Sustainability
Author: Gyana Ranjan Rout Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128104406 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Genetic Engineering of Horticultural Crops provides key insights into commercialized crops, their improved productivity, disease and pest resistance, and enhanced nutritional or medicinal benefits. It includes insights into key technologies, such as marker traits identification and genetic traits transfer for increased productivity, examining the latest transgenic advances in a variety of crops and providing foundational information that can be applied to new areas of study. As modern biotechnology has helped to increase crop productivity by introducing novel gene(s) with high quality disease resistance and increased drought tolerance, this is an ideal resource for researchers and industry professionals. Provides examples of current technologies and methodologies, addressing abiotic and biotic stresses, pest resistance and yield improvement Presents protocols on plant genetic engineering in a variety of wide-use crops Includes biosafety rule regulation of genetically modified crops in the USA and third world countries
Author: Bhupendra Koul Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811921199 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 442
Book Description
This book presents up-to-date information on various vector-less/direct (physical, chemical) and vector-mediated/indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) plant transformation techniques. It summarizes various strategies that facilitate a gene from lower organism to be expressed in higher plants and also in silico designing of synthetic gene for higher expression. It also highlights the importance of strong promoters to drive the expression of transgene(s). This book encompasses the advantages and drawbacks of cisgenesis and transgenesis, their implications towards sustainable crop improvement, and their future prospects. The importance, limitations, challenges, recent developments, and future prospects of molecular pharming is also discussed. The book concludes with a chapter that summarizes the major contribution of GM-crops towards global food security and economy, advances in genome editing for crop improvement, challenges and risk associated with the release of GM-crops, and the future of GM technology. This book is meant for students and researchers in the field of life sciences, food science, and agriculture.
Author: Palmiro Poltronieri Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081000715 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Applied plant genomics and biotechnology reviews the recent advancements in the post-genomic era, discussing how different varieties respond to abiotic and biotic stresses, investigating epigenetic modifications and epigenetic memory through analysis of DNA methylation states, applicative uses of RNA silencing and RNA interference in plant physiology and in experimental transgenics, and plants modified to produce high-value pharmaceutical proteins. The book provides an overview of research advances in application of RNA silencing and RNA interference, through Virus-based transient gene expression systems, Virus induced gene complementation (VIGC), Virus induced gene silencing (Sir VIGS, Mr VIGS) Virus-based microRNA silencing (VbMS) and Virus-based RNA mobility assays (VRMA); RNA based vaccines and expression of virus proteins or RNA, and virus-like particles in plants, the potential of virus vaccines and therapeutics, and exploring plants as factories for useful products and pharmaceuticals are topics wholly deepened. The book reviews and discuss Plant Functional Genomic studies discussing the technologies supporting the genetic improvement of plants and the production of plant varieties more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several important crops are analysed providing a glimpse on the most up-to-date methods and topics of investigation. The book presents a review on current state of GMO, the cisgenesis-derived plants and novel plant products devoid of transgene elements, discuss their regulation and the production of desired traits such as resistance to viruses and disease also in fruit trees and wood trees with long vegetative periods. Several chapters cover aspects of plant physiology related to plant improvement: cytokinin metabolism and hormone signaling pathways are discussed in barley; PARP-domain proteins involved in Stress-Induced Morphogenetic Response, regulation of NAD signaling and ROS dependent synthesis of anthocyanins. Apple allergen isoforms and the various content in different varieties are discussed and approaches to reduce their presence. Euphorbiaceae, castor bean, cassava and Jathropa are discussed at genomic structure, their diseases and viruses, and methods of transformation. Rice genomics and agricultural traits are discussed, and biotechnology for engineering and improve rice varieties. Mango topics are presented with an overview of molecular methods for variety differentiation, and aspects of fruit improvement by traditional and biotechnology methods. Oilseed rape is presented, discussing the genetic diversity, quality traits, genetic maps, genomic selection and comparative genomics for improvement of varieties. Tomato studies are presented, with an overview on the knowledge of the regulatory networks involved in flowering, methods applied to study the tomato genome-wide DNA methylation, its regulation by small RNAs, microRNA-dependent control of transcription factors expression, the development and ripening processes in tomato, genomic studies and fruit modelling to establish fleshy fruit traits of interest; the gene reprogramming during fruit ripening, and the ethylene dependent and independent DNA methylation changes. provides an overview on the ongoing projects and activities in the field of applied biotechnology includes examples of different crops and applications to be exploited reviews and discusses Plant Functional Genomic studies and the future developments in the field explores the new technologies supporting the genetic improvement of plants
Author: Khalid Rehman Hakeem Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461470285 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
The improvement of crop species has been a basic pursuit since cultivation began thousands of years ago. To feed an ever increasing world population will require a great increase in food production. Wheat, corn, rice, potato and few others are expected to lead as the most important crops in the world. Enormous efforts are made all over the world to document as well as use these resources. Everybody knows that the introgression of genes in wheat provided the foundation for the “Green Revolution”. Later also demonstrated the great impact that genetic resources have on production. Several factors are contributing to high plant performance under different environmental conditions, therefore an effective and complementary use of all available technological tools and resources is needed to meet the challenge.
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Author: Anurag Chaurasia
Author: Charles Benbrook
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Sean Clark
Author: Gyana Ranjan Rout
Author: Bhupendra Koul
Author: Palmiro Poltronieri
Author: Martin W. Bauer
Author: Khalid Rehman Hakeem