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Author: Kacey Lynn Dananay Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amphibians Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Understanding the effects of environmental stressors includes identifying how stressors affect individual physiology and ecological communities. Considering carry-over effects, effects from one life-stage persisting into later life-stages, can further reduce the chances of under- or over-estimating the effects of environmental stressors. I investigated the effects of two environmental stressors on amphibian physiology across life-stages including direct and indirect effects. I first investigated road salt. Road salt, a de-icing agent used on highways, can spread up to 1km in wetlands during snowmelt. It may be particularly important for early breeding amphibians like wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Road salt significantly increased larval frog growth and algal biomass which was likely due to an indirect effect of salt decreasing zooplankton abundance, an algal competitor of frogs. A second experiment found despite increased larval growth, exposure to road salt caused juvenile frogs to have higher mortality in low-density terrestrial environments. The second stressor I investigated was Artificial Light At Night (ALAN). ALAN reduced metamorphic duration of American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) and periphyton biomass but did not affect the colonization of toad predators. These results suggested the effects of ALAN are mediated through direct rather than indirect effects. Extending this experiment found juvenile growth was reduced by juvenile-stage exposure to ALAN. Increased juvenile activity, specifically the lack of suppressed nocturnal activity, likely reduced juvenile growth of individuals housed with ALAN. Furthermore, carry-over effects were also present; larval-stage ALAN marginally increased juvenile activity. In the final experiment, I added an additional stressor: predation. Predators reduced toad survival and mass, regardless of ALAN. This suggests ALAN did not increase predator consumption of toads. Neither predators nor ALAN affected corticosterone production in the tadpole or metamorph life-stages but larval-stage ALAN increased corticosterone production in juvenile toads. These experiments demonstrated environmental stressors can have direct and indirect effects. Furthermore, larval stage stressors can carry-over and affect later life-stages even if that stressor is no longer present. Future environmental stressor studies should investigate direct and indirect effects together and extend experiments beyond a single life-stage. As demonstrated here, failure to do so may under-estimated the effects of these environmental stressors.
Author: Kacey Lynn Dananay Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amphibians Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Understanding the effects of environmental stressors includes identifying how stressors affect individual physiology and ecological communities. Considering carry-over effects, effects from one life-stage persisting into later life-stages, can further reduce the chances of under- or over-estimating the effects of environmental stressors. I investigated the effects of two environmental stressors on amphibian physiology across life-stages including direct and indirect effects. I first investigated road salt. Road salt, a de-icing agent used on highways, can spread up to 1km in wetlands during snowmelt. It may be particularly important for early breeding amphibians like wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Road salt significantly increased larval frog growth and algal biomass which was likely due to an indirect effect of salt decreasing zooplankton abundance, an algal competitor of frogs. A second experiment found despite increased larval growth, exposure to road salt caused juvenile frogs to have higher mortality in low-density terrestrial environments. The second stressor I investigated was Artificial Light At Night (ALAN). ALAN reduced metamorphic duration of American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) and periphyton biomass but did not affect the colonization of toad predators. These results suggested the effects of ALAN are mediated through direct rather than indirect effects. Extending this experiment found juvenile growth was reduced by juvenile-stage exposure to ALAN. Increased juvenile activity, specifically the lack of suppressed nocturnal activity, likely reduced juvenile growth of individuals housed with ALAN. Furthermore, carry-over effects were also present; larval-stage ALAN marginally increased juvenile activity. In the final experiment, I added an additional stressor: predation. Predators reduced toad survival and mass, regardless of ALAN. This suggests ALAN did not increase predator consumption of toads. Neither predators nor ALAN affected corticosterone production in the tadpole or metamorph life-stages but larval-stage ALAN increased corticosterone production in juvenile toads. These experiments demonstrated environmental stressors can have direct and indirect effects. Furthermore, larval stage stressors can carry-over and affect later life-stages even if that stressor is no longer present. Future environmental stressor studies should investigate direct and indirect effects together and extend experiments beyond a single life-stage. As demonstrated here, failure to do so may under-estimated the effects of these environmental stressors.
Author: Stanley S. Hillman Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 9780198570318 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book provides a synthesis of current research on the unique physiological characteristics of amphibians with a particular emphasis on water balance. It includes a wealth of information on ecology, phylogeny and development. The latest experimental techniques and future research directions are also considered.
Author: Donald W. Sparling Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420064177 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 946
Book Description
Building on the success of its popular predecessor, the second edition of Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles presents newly available findings on the species that are important environmental indicators. This new edition covers nearly twice as many topics as the first, including recent developments in the ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptil
Author: Shibu Jose Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387296557 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 438
Book Description
The longleaf pine ecosystem, once one of the most extensive ecosystems in North America, is now among the most threatened. Over the past few centuries, land clearing, logging, fire suppression, and the encroachment of more aggressive plants have led to an overwhelming decrease in the ecosystem’s size, to approximately 2.2% of its original coverage. Despite this devastation, the range of the longleaf still extends from Virginia to Texas. Through the combined efforts of organizations such as the USDA Forest Service, the Longleaf Alliance, and the Nature Conservancy, extensive programs to conserve, restore, and manage the ecosystem are currently underway. The longleaf pine ecosystem is valued not only for its aesthetic appeal, but also for its outstanding biodiversity, habitat value, and for the quality of the longleaf pine lumber. It has a natural resistance to fire and insects, and supports more than thirty threatened or endangered plant and animal species, including the red-cockaded woodpecker and the gopher tortoise. The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem unites a wealth of current information on the ecology, silviculture, and restoration of this ecosystem. The book also includes a discussion of the significant historical, social, and political aspects of ecosystem management, making it a valuable resource for students, land managers, ecologists, private landowners, government agencies, consultants, and the forest products industry. About the Editors: Dr. Shibu Jose is Associate Professor of Forest Ecology and Dr. Eric J. Jokela is Professor of Silviculture at the School of Forest Resources and Conservation at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Dr. Deborah L. Miller is Associate Professor of Wildlife Ecology in the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida in Milton.
Author: Kentwood D. Wells Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226893332 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1162
Book Description
Consisting of more than six thousand species, amphibians are more diverse than mammals and are found on every continent save Antarctica. Despite the abundance and diversity of these animals, many aspects of the biology of amphibians remain unstudied or misunderstood. The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians aims to fill this gap in the literature on this remarkable taxon. It is a celebration of the diversity of amphibian life and the ecological and behavioral adaptations that have made it a successful component of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Synthesizing seventy years of research on amphibian biology, Kentwood D. Wells addresses all major areas of inquiry, including phylogeny, classification, and morphology; aspects of physiological ecology such as water and temperature relations, respiration, metabolism, and energetics; movements and orientation; communication and social behavior; reproduction and parental care; ecology and behavior of amphibian larvae and ecological aspects of metamorphosis; ecological impact of predation on amphibian populations and antipredator defenses; and aspects of amphibian community ecology. With an eye towards modern concerns, The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians concludes with a chapter devoted to amphibian conservation. An unprecedented scholarly contribution to amphibian biology, this book is eagerly anticipated among specialists.
Author: Christine L. Madliger Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0198843615 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
Conservation physiology is a rapidly expanding, multidisciplinary field that utilizes physiological knowledge and tools to understand and solve conservation challenges. This novel text provides the first consolidated overview of its scope, purpose, and applications, with a focus on wildlife. It outlines the major avenues and advances by which conservation physiology is contributing to the monitoring, management, and restoration of wild animal populations. This book also defines opportunities for further growth in the field and identifies critical areas for future investigation. By using a series of global case studies, contributors illustrate how approaches from the conservation physiology toolbox can tackle a diverse range of conservation issues including the monitoring of environmental stress, predicting the impact of climate change, understanding disease dynamics, improving captive breeding, and reducing human-wildlife conflict. Moreover, by acting as practical road maps across a diversity of sub-disciplines, these case studies serve to increase the accessibility of this discipline to new researchers. The diversity of taxa, biological scales, and ecosystems highlighted illustrate the far-reaching nature of the discipline and allow readers to gain an appreciation for the purpose, value, applicability, and status of the field of conservation physiology. Conservation Physiology is an accessible supplementary textbook suitable for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of conservation science, eco-physiology, evolutionary and comparative physiology, natural resources management, ecosystem health, veterinary medicine, animal physiology, and ecology.
Author: Michael J. Lannoo Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 9780520235922 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 1124
Book Description
Documents in comprehensive detail a major environmental crisis: rapidly declining amphibian populations and the disturbing developmental problems that are increasingly prevalent within many amphibian species.
Author: Gregorio Moreno-Rueda Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000909247 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
Amphibians are the oldest tetrapod group and show an astonishing diversity in lifestyles, many of them being unique. However, globally, they are on a decline. Hence, their study is fundamental to understanding the evolution of diversity and conserving them. This book, authored by experts from around the world, summarizes the current knowledge on the evolutionary ecology of amphibians. The book treats biological concepts related to the evolution, ecology, physiology, immunology, behaviour, and morphology of amphibians in their different states. This book constitutes an actualized work indispensable for evolutionary ecologists and herpetologists.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309154006 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.
Author: Kacey Lynn Dananay
Author: Kacey Lynn Dananay
Author: Stanley S. Hillman
Author: Donald W. Sparling
Author: Shibu Jose
Author: Kentwood D. Wells
Author: Christine L. Madliger
Author: 
Author: Michael J. Lannoo
Author: Gregorio Moreno-Rueda
Author: National Research Council