ECAB Clinical Hepatology - E-Book PDF Download

Author: Deepak Amarapurkar
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131239543
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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ECAB Clinical Hepatology - E-Book

Author: Deepak Amarapurkar
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788131233818
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Sanjiv Saigal
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131239705
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 151

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ECAB Recent Advances in Hepatology - E-Book

Author: Gourdas Choudhuri
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131239594
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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ECAB Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - E-Book

Author: Sudeep Khanna
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131231909
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common cause of chronic liver disease, and its incidence is rising worldwide. Understanding its pathogenesis, biochemical parameters, histological grading and staging, and its management is a vital issue in today’s clinical practice. It appears to be linked directly to the growing epidemic of obesity in adults as well as in children. Thus, in a sense, NAFLD is a self-inflicted liver disease, much like alcoholic liver disease. The exact causes responsible for the development of NAFLD have not been established yet. However, some researchers consider that cluster of disorders that increases the risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke may be the factor behind development of NAFLD. Most patients with NAFLD have no symptoms or signs of liver disease at the time of diagnosis. In these patients, abnormal liver function tests are often discovered incidentally. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is that stage of the spectrum that involves fat accumulation (steatosis), inflammation (hepatitis), and scarring (fibrosis) in the liver. Those who have fatty liver or hepatic steatosis with non-specific inflammation as fatty liver with non-specific inflammation generally have a benign longterm prognosis, whereas those who have NASH can progress to cirrhosis. NASH-related cirrhosis may have similar prognosis as cirrhosis from other causes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is part of the spectrum of NAFLD, and screening for HCC seems reasonable in patients who have NASH-related cirrhosis. No established treatment is available for NAFLD. Some empiric treatment strategies have been suggested. Presumably, weight loss through exercise and diet modification along with insulinsensitizing agents will help reverse fatty infiltration of the liver. Its incidence is reportedly on the rise the world over as well as in India. Realizing its significance, there is now greater understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and management. The efforts of Elsevier have been directed toward addressing these aspects. Elsevier has thus pooled its existing resources with those of the internationally acclaimed Gastroenterologists of India who have chosen to share their rich clinical knowledge, experience, and expertize to serve the practitioners and patient community.

Author: Philip Abraham
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131231844
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Alcoholic liver disease involves an acute or chronic inflammation of liver occurring as a consequence of alcohol abuse. The pathological changes occur in 3 stages namely, fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, with the final stage traditionally considered to be irreversible. Alcoholic liver disease is responsible for a significant number of premature deaths per annum all around the globe. There is an urgent need to educate the masses about the hazards of alcohol abuse. An efficient system to encourage and prolong the period of alcohol abstinence is the need of the hour. The importance of lifestyle modifications like weight reduction and cessation of smoking in the progression of liver disease needs to be communicated to the patients and the medical community as well. Moreover, realization of the role of nutrition in the management and recovery of ALD would enhance the treatment strategies for this condition. This book has been designed to update the readers on the important aspects of ALD and is a step forward to enable the society in combating the social and economic losses that occur as a result of alcohol abuse. The book has stressed upon various aspects of ALD like the role of nutrition, epidemiology and pathogenesis, and the possible therapeutic strategies involved. Supportive case scenarios have also been incorporated with relevance to the topics covered under the book. Overall, the book presents to the readers an excellent compilation of clinically applicable literature sourced from the most acclaimed physicians in the country.

Author: Philip Augustine
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131231917
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 141

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a spectrum of autoimmmune diseases which include ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and indeterminate colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a relapsing nontransmural inflammatory disease restricted to colon, which may be classified as proctitis, left-sided colitis, or pancolitis depending on the extent of involvement. Some patients also develop ileal inflammation (backwash ileitis), which occasionally complicates its differentiation from Crohn’s ileocolitis. Crohn’s disease is defined as a relapsing transmural inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal mucosa that may affect the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from the mouth to the anus. There is discontinuous involvement of various portions of the GIT and may get complicated by formation of strictures, abscesses, or fistulas. It closely resembles intestinal tuberculosis both clinically and on investigations. GI tuberculosis is often suspected on the basis of its clinical, radiological, and endoscopic features, but histological or microbiologic proof of the disease is often difficult to achieve. Therefore, the majority of patients are treated with antitubercular drugs on presumptive diagnosis only. Similar clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and histological features of GI tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease pose a serious challenge to the treating physician. The rate of misdiagnosis of these conditions using conventional diagnostic measures has been reported to be around 50–70%. Thus differentiation and diagnosis of these conditions is difficult but very important for correct treatment of the patients. Recently some serological tests have come up for diagnosing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which may help to distinguish these disorders from each other and from GI tuberculosis. Besides diagnosis, treatment for IBD is also an emerging field in which active research is going on. The traditional drugs used in treatment of IBD include steroids and aminosalicylates. Recent studies have evaluated the role of azathioprine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Apart from improving efficacy of therapy in short term, these agents have raised debate on complications of therapy, long-term efficacy, and cost. Management of IBD during pregnancy and fistulising Crohn’s disease are other areas of concern.

Author: Abraham
Publisher: Elsevier India
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120

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Author: Abhijit Chowdhury
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131231860
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver, which can be classified as acute or chronic depending upon the duration of the condition. Various etiological agents have been correlated with the occurrence of various forms of the disease. The developed countries have a majority of drug-induced and toxic liver injury, while the developing countries like India present with a majority of feco-oral and blood borne transmissions of the disease. Viral hepatitis virtually constitutes a separate etiological group. It causes a set of typical clinical, biochemical, and histological changes with or without icterus resulting from hepatic cell damage. It may be acute or chronic. The acute form causes considerable morbidity and mortality, and the chronic sequelae may prove to be fatal by resulting in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis A and E are transmitted feco-orally, while B and C are transmitted only through blood/secretions. Hepatitis D occurs only in association with hepatitis B. Morphological pattern of liver injury in acute hepatitis varies with etiology and severity of insult. The typical lesion in all forms of acute viral hepatitis is panlobular infiltration with mononuclear cells, predominantly lymphocytes, hepatic cell necrosis, and variable degree of cholestasis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia. In fulminant hepatic failure, massive hepatic necrosis results in a soft shrunken liver. All forms of acute viral hepatitis run similar clinical course, which include incubation period after infection during which they are asymptomatic, followed by prodromal, icteric, and convalescent phases. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis include renal, neurological, and hematological disorders. Most patients with acute viral hepatitis recover with supportive management. Hospitalization is required only in severe cases as evidenced by prolonged PT, altered sensorium, deep jaundice with ascites. Identification of etiology of acute hepatitis is of prime importance for the treatment of hepatitis. Definitive therapy is needed in drug-induced hepatitis. Most mild forms of viral hepatitis resolve with supportive treatment. Progressive liver failure mandates urgent liver transplantation. Prognostic models (Kings’ College criteria, Clichy’s criteria) have been developed for early identification of patients who would require liver transplant.

Author: Pramod Kumar Garg
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131239659
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 181

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ECAB Clinical Update – Pancreatic Tumors - E-Book