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Author: U.S. Department of the Interior Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781497353619 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs.
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781497353619 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs.
Author: Rao Kotamarthi Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108587062 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
Downscaling is a widely used technique for translating information from large-scale climate models to the spatial and temporal scales needed to assess local and regional climate impacts, vulnerability, risk and resilience. This book is a comprehensive guide to the downscaling techniques used for climate data. A general introduction of the science of climate modeling is followed by a discussion of techniques, models and methodologies used for producing downscaled projections, and the advantages, disadvantages and uncertainties of each. The book provides detailed information on dynamic and statistical downscaling techniques in non-technical language, as well as recommendations for selecting suitable downscaled datasets for different applications. The use of downscaled climate data in national and international assessments is also discussed using global examples. This is a practical guide for graduate students and researchers working on climate impacts and adaptation, as well as for policy makers and practitioners interested in climate risk and resilience.
Author: Marzia Tamanna Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
"In order to make informed decisions in response to future climate change, researches, policy-makers, and the public need climate projections at the scale of few kilometers, rather than the scales provided by Global climate Models. The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) is such a recent effort that addresses this necessity. As the climate models contain various levels of uncertainty, it is essential to evaluate the performance of such models and their representativeness of regional climate characteristics. When assessing climate change impacts, precipitation is a crucial variable, due to its direct influence on many aspects of our natural-human ecosystems such as freshwater resources, agriculture and energy production, and health and infrastructure. The current study performs an evaluation analysis of precipitation simulations produced by a set of dynamically downscaled climate models provided by the NARCCAP program. The Assessment analysis is implemented for a period that covers 20 to 30 years (1970-1999), depending on joint availability of both the observational and the NARCCAP datasets. In addition to direct comparison versus observations, the hindcast NARCCAP simulations are used within a hydrologic modeling analysis for a regional ecosystem in coastal Louisiana (Chenier Plain). The study concludes the NARCCAP simulations have systematic biases in representing average precipitation amounts, but are successful at capturing some of the characteristics on spatial and temporal variability. The study also reveals the effect of precipitation on salinity concentrations in the Chenier Plain as a result of using different precipitation forcing fields. In the future, special efforts should be made to reduce biases in the NARCCAP simulations, which can then lead to a better presentation of regional climate scenarios for use by decision makers and resource managers." -Abstract.
Author: Rasmus E. Benestad Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9812819126 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Empirical-statistical downscaling (ESD) is a method for estimating how local climatic variables are affected by large-scale climatic conditions. ESD has been applied to local climate/weather studies for years, but there are few ? if any ? textbooks on the subject. It is also anticipated that ESD will become more important and commonplace in the future, as anthropogenic global warming proceeds. Thus, a textbook on ESD will be important for next-generation climate scientists.
Author: Chih-Pei Chang Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814343412 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 609
Book Description
This book presents a current review of the science of monsoon research and forecasting. The contents are based on the invited reviews presented at the World Meteorological Organization''s Fourth International Workshop on Monsoons in late 2008, with subsequent manuscripts revised from 2009 to early 2010. The book builds on the concept that the monsoons in various parts of the globe can be viewed as components of an integrated global monsoon system, while emphasizing that significant region-specific characteristics are present in individual monsoon regions. The topics covered include all major monsoon regions and time scales (mesoscale, synoptic, intraseasonal, interannual, decadal, and climate change). It is intended to provide an updated comprehensive review of the current status of knowledge, modeling capability, and future directions in the research of monsoon systems around the world.
Author: Zhongqi Yu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Global climate models (GCMs) are widely used to study climate change. Due to their coarse resolutions, GCMs cannot resolve some microscale and mesoscale processes such as topographical effects. Dynamic downscaling simulations using Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are often required to provide higher spatial- and temporal-resolution climate variabilities in specific regions. Uncertainties in dynamic downscaling simulations due to errors in the atmospheric state and models need to be understood first in the present climate simulations. Then the reliability for future projections can be inferred. This research contains three parts. The first part gives an assessment of temperature and precipitation over Ontario based on the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) RCM simulation data. In part two, five 8-year downscaling simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model driven by five NARCCAP model data over Ontario are studied. Each of these simulation results and their mean are analyzed to address the dynamic downscaling effect on temperature and precipitation and their variabilities. Lastly in the third part, a 14-member perturbed ensemble simulation using the WRF model was conducted. The ensemble means of temperature and precipitation are evaluated and the uncertainties in regional climate modeling are discussed. The temperature and precipitation in seven NARCCAP RCM simulations from 1979 to 2004 are compared to the observations over Ontario. The observed annual area mean temperature has a remarkable rising trend in the late 1990s after decades of fluctuation. It is mainly due to a significant rise of winter area mean temperature during that period. This rising trend has been revealed in all seven models. For the annual area mean precipitation, the observed values fluctuate during this period, and the NARCCAP RCM model simulations show larger discrepancies. One focus of this thesis is to assess the impact of increased model resolution on regional climate simulations. Five NARCCAP RCM (MM5I, RCM3, HRM3, CRCM and WRFG) simulation data with 50-km horizontal resolution are downscaled to 10-km horizontal grid over Ontario to provide initial and boundary conditions for the WRF downscaling simulations in the period from 1991 to 1998. The model results show that the high resolution has great impact on regional climate simulations. Three sets of ensembles, the seven-member NARCCAP RCM simulations, the five-member WRF downscaling simulations, and a 14-member perturbed ensemble simulations using WRF model with the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme are analyzed to assess the performance of the ensemble approach in regional climate simulations. The ensemble mean temperature and precipitation are compared to reanalysis data and the observations. The root mean square errors (RMSE) and the correlations are calculated. The results show that the ensemble method improves the accuracy of simulations, for both temperature and precipitation.
Author: Rao Kotamarthi Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 110847375X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
A practical guide to understanding, using and producing downscaled climate data, for researchers, graduate students, policy makers and practitioners.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
This study performs high-spatial-resolution (12 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations over a very large domain (7200 km × 6180 km, covering much of North America) to explore changes in mean and extreme precipitation in the mid and late 21st century under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP 4.5) and 8.5 (RCP 8.5). We evaluate WRF model performance for a historical simulation and future projections, applying the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) as initial and boundary conditions with and without a bias correction. WRF simulations using boundary and initial conditions from both versions of CCSM4 show smaller biases versus evaluation data sets than does CCSM4 over western North America. WRF simulations also improve spatial details of precipitation over much of North America. However, driving the WRF with the bias-corrected CCSM4 does not always reduce the bias. WRF-projected changes in precipitation include decreasing intensity over the southwestern United States, increasing intensity over the eastern United States and most of Canada, and an increase in the number of days with heavy precipitation over much of North America. Projected precipitation changes are more evident in the late 21st century than the mid 21st century, and they are more evident under RCP 8.5 than under RCP 4.5 in the late 21st century. Uncertainties in the projected changes in precipitation due to different warming scenarios are non-negligible. Differences in summer precipitation changes between WRF and CCSM4 are significant over most of the United States.
Author: Tapio Schneider Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691242399 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Despite major advances in the observation and numerical simulation of the atmosphere, basic features of the Earth's climate remain poorly understood. Integrating the available data and computational resources to improve our understanding of the global circulation of the atmosphere remains a challenge. Theory must play a critical role in meeting this challenge. This book provides an authoritative summary of the state of the art on this front. Bringing together sixteen of the field's leading experts to address those aspects of the global circulation of the atmosphere most relevant to climate, the book brings the reader up to date on the key frontiers in general circulation theory-including the nonlinear and turbulent global-scale dynamics that determine fundamental aspects of the Earth's climate. While emphasizing theory, as expressed through relatively simple mathematical models, it also draws connections to simulations with comprehensive general circulation models. Topics include the dynamics of storm tracks, interactions between wave dynamics and the hydrological cycle, monsoons, tropical and extratropical dynamics and interactions, and the processes controlling atmospheric humidity. An essential resource for graduate students in atmospheric, ocean, and climate sciences and for researchers seeking an overview of the field, The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere sets the standard for future research in a science that stands at a critical juncture. With a foreword by Edward Lorenz, the book includes chapters by Christopher Bretherton; Kerry Emanuel; Isaac Held; David Neelin; Raymond Pierrehumbert, Hélène Brogniez, and Rémy Roca; Alan Plumb; Walter Robinson; Tapio Schneider; Richard Seager and David Battisti; Adam Sobel; Kyle Swanson; and Pablo Zurita-Gotor and Richard Lindzen.
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior
Author: S. W. Hostetler
Author: Rao Kotamarthi
Author: Marzia Tamanna
Author: Rasmus E. Benestad
Author: Chih-Pei Chang
Author: Zhongqi Yu
Author: Rao Kotamarthi
Author: 
Author: Tapio Schneider