Dynamic Torsion Test for the Mechanical Characterization of Soft Biological Tissues PDF Download

Author: Davide Valtorta
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3867271844
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175

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Author: Arnab Chanda
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789819922277
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This monograph brings forth biomechanical research methods and outcomes on human tissue experiments such as those of the brain and the heart under a single umbrella. Different mechanical characterization techniques employed in human tissue property estimation are presented in detail. The contents also focus on a hyperelastic constitutive model (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden) for both isotropic and anisotropic tissue characterization. It also discusses energy dissipation in soft tissues and associated viscoelasticity. Human tissues, including skin, muscles, connective tissues, and tissues in all functional organs are listed and their mechanical properties are presented in detail. These tissue properties are indispensable for computational modeling of biological systems, validation of biomechanical tissue testing, medical simulation through development of artificial phantoms and surrogates, and testing of medical devices and interventions. This book will serve as a key reference forresearch in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, finite element modeling of biological systems, biomaterials, biotechnology, implant and medical device development, and healthcare wearables.

Author: Susmita Bose
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128070951
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Book Description
This brief introductory chapter provides a broad overview of materials, biomaterials and the need to understand different techniques to characterize biomaterials. From this chapter, the reader can gain a perspective on how the rest of the topics in different chapters are divided to fully comprehend this inherently multidisciplinary field. Application of appropriate characterization tools can not only save time to fully evaluate different biomaterials, it can also make commercial biomedical devices safer. In the long run, safer biomedical devices can only reduce the pain and suffering of mankind, a dream that resonates with every biomedical researcher.

Author: G. Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological tissue constructs
Languages : en
Pages : 14

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Book Description
To capture the transient, nonlinear and time-dependent characteristics of the mechanical and material properties of biomaterials and biological tissue constructs, we developed a real-time based evaluation method. This method measures the paired transient stress and strain as a function of time for a given material, and calculates instantaneously its complex modulus measurements as a function of frequency. Because the measured complex moduli contain not only the mechanical properties (magnitude of the modulus curves) but also the material characteristics (shape of the modulus curves), this method allows us to link directly the mechanical properties to the material characteristics in a real-time and in-situ manner. The significance of this capability is that the changes in both mechanical property and material structure can be correlated repeatedly during the growing or aggregating processes of the biological tissues or constructs.

Author: Stéphane Avril
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319450719
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 161

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Book Description
The articles in this book review hybrid experimental-computational methods applied to soft tissues which have been developed by worldwide specialists in the field. People developing computational models of soft tissues and organs will find solutions for calibrating the material parameters of their models; people performing tests on soft tissues will learn what to extract from the data and how to use these data for their models and people worried about the complexity of the biomechanical behavior of soft tissues will find relevant approaches to address this complexity.

Author: Leila Jafari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
"Tissue characterization is a major step in tissue mechanobiological studies. By characterization methods, tissue quality i.e. the combination of tissue structural, compositional and mechanical properties, is determined. This research focuses on mechanical characterization methods. Among all mechanical characterization methods, we propose those ones which are: 1) Non-destructive, (i.e. that reserves the capability of doing other characterization tests at the end of mechanical test; and, 2) In-line, (that enables tissue progression observation during experiment, and without transferring the specimen from one apparatus to another). However, in-line characterization raises the question of whether conducting tissue observation methods during experimentation modifies tissue progression over time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to deepen our knowledge about the parameters which could affect tissue quality during mechanical testing. This requires a better understanding of viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity, two key behaviors of tissue, affecting the impact of these parameters (e.g. tissue quality, stimulation parameters) on the response of live tissue to biophysical stimuli. Thus, the objectives of this study were: 1. To review the literature to find information about two mechanical behaviors of tissue i.e. viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity, and the way they affect tissue properties 2. To investigate whether diagnostic tests, as mechanical characterization tests to observe tissue properties, affect tissue progression We explain that viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of tissue originate from structure and components of the extracellular matrix. We also describe the way they affect tissue dynamic competition between repair, enzymatic degradation and mechanical degradation of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we specify some tissue stimulation parameters, such as stimulation control type or stimulus history, which could affect tissue progression in response to biophysical stimuli because of viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity. Moreover, by conducting a series of 3-day experiments on freshly extracted tendons, we investigated whether applying "stress relaxation" tests at physiological amplitudes affects tissue response. We divided the tendons into two groups based on the characterization protocol (24 and 0 stress relaxation tests each day), and compared the progression of these groups over time. The stress relaxation tests at physiological amplitude modified tissue response to mechanical stimuli in vitro . In general, the modulus increased for 0 stress relaxation tests, while it first decreased and then increased slightly for 24 stress relaxation tests each day. The difference of mechanical properties between the two groups was significant. Therefore, applying stress relaxation tests at physiological amplitude during the rest periods between mechanical stimuli can affect live tissue progression over time. Therefore, it is essential to take into account the viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of tissue while developing a stimulation protocol for bioreactor studies or clinical applications."

Author: William N. Sharpe, Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387268839
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1100

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Book Description
The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics. Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.

Author: Ryan K. Roeder
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128070978
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 71

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Book Description
The design of biomedical devices almost always involves some form of mechanical characterization of biomaterials. This chapter provides a broad overview of experimental methods and important considerations for mechanical characterization of biomaterials, with special attention to the practical needs of engineers and scientists who encounter a need to characterize the mechanical properties of a biomaterial but may not know where to begin or what the key considerations should be. Many details are necessarily omitted from this broad overview, but numerous references are provided for greater technical depth on a particular topic, standardized methodologies, and exemplary studies. Fundamental concepts are introduced, beginning with stress and strain versus force and displacement. The mechanical properties measured from a stress–strain curve, different types of stress–strain curves, and corresponding constitutive models are reviewed, including differences in material classes and anisotropy. Three primary methods of analysis for fracture mechanics are introduced, including stress concentrations, energy criteria for crack initiation and propagation (fracture toughness), and statistical methods for the probability of fracture. The mechanical characterization of biomaterials begins with selection and preparation of standardized test specimens, which are critical to obtaining accurate and reproducible measurements of material properties. Practical considerations are outlined for selection and preparation of the specimen size, geometry, surface finish, and precracking. The mechanical characterization of biomaterial test specimens always involves the application and measurement of load and deformation. Practical considerations are outlined for the selection and use of load frames, load cells, load fixtures, extensometers, and strain gauges. A number of common loading modes are introduced and compared: uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, biaxial tension, torsion, diametral compression, three-point bending, four-point bending, and in-plane shear (including biomaterial-tissue interfacial shear strength). Strain-rate sensitivity or time-dependent behavior can profoundly influence stress–strain behavior and thus measured mechanical properties. The effects of high strain rates may be characterized by impact testing using a pendulum, drop tower, or split Hopkinson pressure bar. The effects of low strain rates may be characterized by creep deformation or creep rupture tests. The time-dependent behavior of viscoelastic materials is introduced, including creep, stress relaxation, common constitutive models, and practical considerations for testing. The frequency of loading, or cyclic loading, is another aspect of time-dependent behavior, which is critical for mechanical characterization of biomaterials, leading to fatigue deformation and failure or viscoelastic creep and stress relaxation. Practical considerations are described for selecting the waveform, frequency, cyclic stress/strain levels, loading mode, and test duration. Common methods are introduced for fatigue lifetime testing (including S-N curves, notch factors, and fatigue damage), fatigue crack propagation, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Nondestructive tests are particularly useful for sampling small volumes of a biomaterial (e.g., implant retrieval or biopsy) or characterizing spatial heterogeneity in mechanical properties. Various indentation tests and indenter geometries are introduced and compared, including classic hardness (Brinell and Rockwell), microhardness (Knoop and Vickers), and instrumented nanoindentation (Berkovich, cube corner, etc.). Methods and limitations are described for characterizing the reduced modulus, viscoelasticity, and fracture toughness using indentation. Ultrasonic wave-propagation methods are also introduced with an emphasis on methods for characterizing anisotropic elastic constants. Biomaterials are typically subjected to various sterilization methods prior to service and an aqueous physiological environment in service. Therefore, the effects of temperature, pressure, various aqueous media (water, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), media, foetal bovine serum (FBS), lipids, etc.), and irradiation on mechanical characterization of biomaterials are considered, including the degradation of mechanical properties by various mechanisms involving water uptake, hydrolysis, and oxidation. Finally, methods and guidelines are provided for data acquisition from transducers and data analysis, including an introduction to some basic statistical methods.

Author: Stephen C. Cowin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402002203
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Cowin (New York Center for Biomedical Engineering) and Humphrey (biomedical engineering, Texas A&M U.) present seven papers that discuss current research and future directions. Topics concern tissues within the cardiovascular system (arteries, the heart, and biaxial testing of planar tissues such as heart valves). Themes include an emphasis on data on the underlying microstructure, especially collagen; the consideration of the fact that both arteries and the heart contain muscle and that there is, therefore, a need to quantify both the active and passive response; constitutive relations for active behavior; and the growth and remodeling of cardiovascular tissues. Of interest to cardiovascular and biomechanics soft tissue researchers, and bioengineers. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Author: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 970

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