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Author: Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Comercio internacional Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Both permanent and transitory disturbances can change long- run capacity and output -- although they may have opposite effects on the current account. Liquidity constraints and wage rigidities tend to amplify the cyclical adjustment to external shocks.
Author: Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Comercio internacional Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Both permanent and transitory disturbances can change long- run capacity and output -- although they may have opposite effects on the current account. Liquidity constraints and wage rigidities tend to amplify the cyclical adjustment to external shocks.
Author: Camila Casas Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484330609 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Author: Timothy Doe-Kwong Hau Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Carretera Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
Of the many direct and indirect methods for road use, the key alternatives for reducing road congestion are (1) cordon pricing using manual tollbooths, (2) supplementary vehicle licensing, (3) automatic vehicle identification, and (4) smart card technology.
Author: Sweder van Wijnbergen Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1004001134 Category : Europe, Eastern Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Applying Western textbook solutions to the problems of enterprise reform in Eastern Europe is likely to be counterproductive. Policy design must be imaginative and explicitly incorporate the political constraints and incentive problems specific to the region, leading to new approaches to enterprise and banking reform.
Author: World Bank. East Asia and Pacific Regional Office. Environment and Social Development Sector Unit Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Mongolia Languages : en Pages : 50
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Educacion superior - Uganda Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
In recent years, Makerere University has experienced increasing student and staff unrest. The academic community is demoralized by tight government controls on spending-- especially by inaction on staff salary demands. Donor support will not be forthcoming without broad policy reform in higher education, rather than piecemeal reform.
Author: Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel
Author: Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel
Author: Camila Casas
Author: Timothy Doe-Kwong Hau
Author: 
Author: Estelle James
Author: Sweder van Wijnbergen
Author: 
Author: George R. G. Clarke
Author: World Bank. East Asia and Pacific Regional Office. Environment and Social Development Sector Unit
Author: