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Author: Francesco Vetere Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119521130 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
Explores the complex physico-chemical processes involved in active volcanism and dynamic magmatism Understanding the magmatic processes responsible for the chemical and textural signatures of volcanic products and igneous rocks is crucial for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating the impacts of volcanic activity. Dynamic Magma Evolution is a compilation of recent geochemical, petrological, physical, and thermodynamic studies. It combines field research, experimental results, theoretical approaches, unconventional and novel techniques, and computational modeling to present the latest developments in the field. Volume highlights include: Crystallization and degassing processes in magmatic environments Bubble and mineral nucleation and growth induced by cooling and decompression Kinetic processes during magma ascent to the surface Magma mixing, mingling, and recharge dynamics Geo-speedometer measurement of volcanic events Changes in magma rheology induced by mineral and volatile content The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: Francesco Vetere Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119521130 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
Explores the complex physico-chemical processes involved in active volcanism and dynamic magmatism Understanding the magmatic processes responsible for the chemical and textural signatures of volcanic products and igneous rocks is crucial for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating the impacts of volcanic activity. Dynamic Magma Evolution is a compilation of recent geochemical, petrological, physical, and thermodynamic studies. It combines field research, experimental results, theoretical approaches, unconventional and novel techniques, and computational modeling to present the latest developments in the field. Volume highlights include: Crystallization and degassing processes in magmatic environments Bubble and mineral nucleation and growth induced by cooling and decompression Kinetic processes during magma ascent to the surface Magma mixing, mingling, and recharge dynamics Geo-speedometer measurement of volcanic events Changes in magma rheology induced by mineral and volatile content The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: L. Caricchi Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 1862397325 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that regulate the evolution of magmatic systems has improved tremendously since the foundations were laid down 100 years ago by Bowen. The concept of crustal magma chambers has progressively evolved from molten-rock vats to thermally, chemically and physically heterogeneous reservoirs that are kept active by the periodic injection of magma. This new model, while more complex, provides a better framework to interpret volcanic activity and decipher the information contained in intrusive and extrusive rocks. Igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and numerical modelling, all contributed towards this new picture of crustal magmatic systems. This book provides an overview of the wide range of approaches that can nowadays be used to understand the chemical, physical and temporal evolution of magmatic and volcanic systems.
Author: Matteo Masotta Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111956445X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
A comprehensive picture of the architecture of crustal magmatic systems The composition of igneous rocks – their minerals, melts, and fluids – reveals the physical and chemical conditions under which magmas form, evolve, interact, and move from the Earth’s mantle through the crust. These magma dynamics affect processes on the surface including crustal growth and eruptive behaviour of volcanoes. Crustal Magmatic System Evolution: Anatomy, Architecture, and Physico-Chemical Processes uses analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches to explore the diversity of crustal processes from magma differentiation and assimilation to eruption at the surface. Volume highlights include: Physical and chemical parameterization of crustal magmatic systems Experimental, theoretical and modelling approaches targeting crustal magmatic processes Timescales of crustal magmatic processes, including storage, recharge, and ascent through volcanic conduits The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book in a Q&A with the Editors.
Author: Michael P. Ryan Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080959911 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 401
Book Description
With its integrated and cohesive coverage of the current research, Magmatic Systems skillfully explores the physical processes, mechanics, and dynamics of volcanism. The text utilizes a synthesized perspective--theoretical, experimental, and observational--to address the powerful regulatory mechanisms controlling the movement of melts and cooling, with emphasis on mantle plumes, mid-ocean ridges, and intraplate magmatism. Further coverage of subduction zone magmatism includes: Fluid mechanics of mixed magma migration Internal structure of active systems Grain-scale melt flow Rheology of partial melts Numerical simulation of porous media melt migration Nonlinear (chaotic and fractal) processes in magma transport In all, Magmatic Systems will prove invaluable reading to those in search of an interdisciplinary perspective on this active topic. Key Features * Fluid mechanics of magma migration from surface region to eruption site * Internal structure of active magmatic systems * Grain-scale melt flow in mantle plumes and beneath mid-ocean ridges * Physics of magmatic systems and magma dynamics
Author: Sarah A. Fagents Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781108812658 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Understanding the physical behavior of volcanoes is key to mitigating the hazards active volcanoes pose to the ever-increasing populations living nearby. The processes involved in volcanic eruptions are driven by a series of interlinked physical phenomena, and to fully understand these, volcanologists must employ various physics subdisciplines. This book provides the first advanced-level, one-stop resource examining the physics of volcanic behavior and reviewing the state-of-the-art in modeling volcanic processes. Each chapter begins by explaining simple modeling formulations and progresses to present cutting-edge research illustrated by case studies. Individual chapters cover subsurface magmatic processes through to eruption in various environments and conclude with the application of modeling to understanding the other volcanic planets of our Solar System. Providing an accessible and practical text for graduate students of physical volcanology, this book is also an important resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of volcanology, geophysics, geochemistry, petrology and natural hazards.
Author: Agust Gudmundsson Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107024951 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 601
Book Description
Explains and illustrates volcanic structures, products and processes, with worked examples and exercises, for students and professionals.
Author: Michael Zackery McIntire Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Magmas are dynamic hydrogranular systems where the interactions between the melt and the residing crystals influences the eruptive behavior of volcanoes, the concentration of economic metals, and the stratification of the Earth's crust. Despite the importance of the interaction between these phases, little is known about the mechanics of these systems. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the interactions of the melt and crystals of magma from the formation of the crystal-rich mush to the expulsion of the melt from its interstitial spaces. I first examine the dilute case where suspended crystals are coupled to the fluid. I employed a combination of discrete element computational fluid dynamic (DEM-CFD) numerical simulations, field observations, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses to explore the mechanics of the interactions between the crystals and the melt of magmas. The formation of crystal clusters was explored using Voronoi tessellations in both a settling only model at a solid volume percent of 9 and an open system models (where a magma like fluid is injected into the accumulating mush) with solid volume percents of 1, 9, and 20. I find that there is statistically no difference in the distribution of clustering between the two systems and that clusters are just as likely as a random distribution. Indicating that abundant crystal clusters found in sampled magmatic systems are likely from a disaggregated magma mush. Next, I examined the crystal-rich state where the formation of granular flows transfer momentum to the resident fluid. I employed a DEM-CFD numerical dam break model of a polydisperse particle column to explore the kinematics of the collapse and runout of the particle column. The column develops two collapse regimes a toppling collapse, and a sliding collapse, which transition into three kinematic runout regimes, gravity current, heap flow, and a quasi-static region. Both a force and contact fabric develop in the heap flow where the particles have enduring contacts. The difference in anisotropy between the normal force and contact fabrics illustrates the non-affine nature of granular material and the issue with applying the concepts of continuum modelling to hydrogranular systems. The first two chapters were based on numerical models analyses to create an idealized framework of knowledge on hydrogranular systems. The final chapter builds on geological observations and fieldwork with a goal of determining the mechanisms of pore space reduction in a crystal-rich magma mush. I collected 12 samples from the mafic complex of Sierra Valle Fértil from which I conducted EBSD analyses to quantify the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) and the internal lattice distortions. I considered the evidence for tectonic filter pressing, mechanical compaction, and viscous compaction. The internal lattice distortions have a similar distribution across plagioclase, hornblende, and quartz. This suggests the crystal deformation happened subsolidus and was not caused by either viscous compaction or tectonic filter pressing, and that a mechanical compaction process was responsible for pore space reduction. Future work should focus on the physics of hydrogranular systems with non-spherical particles employing analogue and numerical models to better capture natural systems.
Author: Joachim Gottsmann Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331958412X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Author: D.E. James Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0442243669 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1299
Book Description
Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
Author: Sisir K. Mondal Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128111607 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
Processes and Ore Deposits of Ultramafic-Mafic Magmas through Space and Time focuses on the fundamental processes that control the formation of ore deposits from ultramafic-mafic magmas, covering chromite, platinum-group element (PGE), Ni-sulfides and Ti-V-bearing magnetite. The exploration, exploitation and use of these magmatic ores are important aspects of geology and directly linked to the global economy. Magmatic ores form from ultramafic-mafic magmas and crystallize at high-temperature after emplacement into crustal magma chambers, and are genetically linked to the evolution of the parental magmas through space and time. This book features recent developments in the field of magmatic ore deposits, and is an essential resource for both industry professionals and those in academia. Elucidates the relationships between tectonic settings and magmatic ore mineralization Provides the links between magma generation in the mantle and ore mineralization at crustal levels Features the latest research on changing patterns in magmatic ore mineralization through time and their bearing on the chemical evolution of the Earth’s mantle