Drug Development and Conservation of Biodiversity in West and Central Africa: Performance of Neurochemical and Radio Receptor Assays of Plant Extracts Drug Discovery for the Central Nervous System PDF Download

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Languages : en
Pages : 34

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The thrust of the CNS assay panel was to identify plant extracts that display moderate to high affinity for selected molecular targets. Target selection was based identifying active plant extracts that would be useful for one or more neuropsyschiatric disorders. We completed a screen for 102 samples belonging to 43 plants. 41 showed activity at one or more CNS targets. Phytochemical studies have been initiated on several active extracts. A total of 12 plants samples which have tested positive for antiplasmodial activity were collected in bulk quantities for detailed phytochemical investigations into antimalarial and trypanocidal activity.

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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The main objective of these studies was to study the CNS activity of these plant fractions using specific radio ligand binding assays to identify their selectivity profiles as well as to determine their functional activities as either a full or partial agonist or antagonist.

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Languages : en
Pages : 20

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This report concerns activities of Associated Project #3 (AP#3) of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group Program (ICBC) directed by the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research (WRAIR). This project examines medicinal plants of Central and West Africa as anti-typanosomal and anti-trichomonal agents. In the reporting period 85 plant extracts were received from WRAIR and 34 were received from the University of Dschang (Cameroon, AP#2). Extracts were screened in vitro vs. blood stream forms of African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma rhodesiense) and pathogenic trichomonads (Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus). In the trypanosome growth screen, 58 WRAIR extracts and 8 AP#2 extracts were tested. Eight WRAIR extracts were tested vs metronidazole-resistant and -sensitive strains of T. vaginalis and another 31 were studied in a T. foetus screen. Of 58 WRAIR extracts tested 24 had IC50 values

Author: Xavier Siwe-Noundou
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429015216
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 221

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Forms an important part of the series on Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants, as Cameroon is a country with rich experience in the use of medicinal plants and with a wide diversity of botanical resources Addresses the current development of pharmacognostic research in Cameroon Provides readers with updated information on the chemistry and pharmacology of natural products with pharmaceutical potentials Covers an extensive range of chemical, botanical and pharmacological diversities

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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This project is being conducted as part of Associated Project #3 of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group Program under the direction of the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research. The focus of this ICBG Program's study is plants of West and Central Africa. During the reporting period, a total of 41 plant extracts were received from WRAIR, an additional eight compounds were received from the University of Dschang (Cameroon, AP#2). These agents were tested in vitro vs. strains of African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei group) and of pathogenic trichomonads (Trichomonas vaginalis and Tri-trichomonas foetus). An additional 68 extracts were received from WRAIR in late February and are now entering preliminary screening. For the trypanosome screens, 39 of 41 WRAIR extracts and all eight of the AP#2 extracts were tested in vitro vs. three strains. Eight extracts were tested vs. two strains of T. vaginalis and 22 were tested vs. T foetus. For trypanosome studies, 21 of the WRAIR extracts and 4 of 8 of the AP#2 extracts had IC50 values less than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml. Three of the extracts tested vs T vaginalis had minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.3-0.6 mg/ml, while 2 of 22 tested vs. T foetus had similarly high activity. Extracts active vs. trypanosomes were tested in a mouse model infection of T brucei at a dose range of 1-25 mg/kg i.p for three days. None of the 21 extracts tested were curative, however, two prolonged life. Some of the plant genera showing activity in vitro were: Afromomum, Aspilia, Chamaecrista, Cryptolepis, Enantia, Hoslundia, Icacina, Uvaria, and Pleiocarpa.

Author: Robert L. Morgan
Publisher:
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Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Author: Lakshmi C. Mishra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849313660
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Arguably the oldest form of health care, Ayurveda is often referred to as the "Mother of All Healing." Although there has been considerable scientific research done in this area during the last 50 years, the results of that research have not been adequately disseminated. Meeting the need for an authoritative, evidence-based reference, Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies is the first book to analyze and synthesize current research supporting Ayurvedic medicine. This book reviews the latest scientific information, evaluates the research data, and presents it in an easy to use format. The editor has carefully selected topics based on the availability of scientific studies and the prevalence of a disease. With contributions from experts in their respective fields, topics include Ayurvedic disease management, panchkarma, Ayurvedic bhasmas, the current status of Ayurveda in India, clinical research design, and evaluation of typical clinical trials of certain diseases, to name just a few. While there are many books devoted to Ayurveda, very few have any in-depth basis in scientific studies. This book provides a critical evaluation of literature, clinical trials, and biochemical and pharmacological studies on major Ayurvedic therapies that demonstrates how they are supported by scientific data. Providing a natural bridge from Ayurveda to Western medicine, Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies facilitates the integration of these therapies by health care providers.

Author: Bikarma Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811559171
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 481

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Active botanical ingredients are a prime requirement for herbal formulations and discovering a drug is all about integration of science disciplines. In recent decades there has been a growing interest in treating wounds and diseases using traditional remedies based on local herbs, combined with chemical advances. Although this has led to the development of new bioactive ingredients from plants, there has been little success in terms of clinical trials and post-marketing studies to comply with FDA guidelines. Plants have been used as a source of medicine throughout history and continue to serve as the basis for many pharmaceuticals used today. However, despite the modern pharmaceutical industry being founded on botanical medicine, synthetic approaches to drug discovery have now become standard. Science-driven translational discovery and botanical development has created a new reality, leading to enormous changes in strategies, technologies and the disciplines involved, which have been embraced by the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. This book gathers scientific expertise and traditional knowledge to promote the discovery and development of new formulations and drugs based on active ingredients and to provide guidance on taking these to clinical trials. It discusses major topics, such as how the phytochemical composition of many plants has changed over time due to factors like cultivation, which can have both positive and negative effects on the levels of bioactive compounds. It also explores the importance of plants as a valuable source of therapeutic compounds as a result of their vast biosynthetic capacity, and classifies them according to their intended use, safety and regulatory status. Further, the book offers insights into the regulatory aspects of botanical products, which is an important issue when considering standardization and quality assessment, and also examines the commercial aspects of plant-derived medications and their proven role in the treatment of chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, pain, asthma, and other associated conditions. Given its scope, this book is a valuable tool for botanists, natural product chemists, pharmacologists and microbiologists involved in the study of phytochemicals for drug discovery.

Author: Saikat Sen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811372489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 612

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This book highlights the medical importance of and increasing global interest in herbal medicines, herbal health products, herbal pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food supplements, herbal cosmetics, etc. It also addresses various issues that are hampering the advancement of Indian herbal medicine around the globe; these include quality concerns and quality control, pharmacovigilance, scientific investigation and validation, IPR and biopiracy, and the challenge that various indigenous systems of medicine are at risk of being lost. The book also explores the role of traditional medicine in providing new functional leads and modern approaches that can offer elegant strategies for facilitating the drug discovery process. The book also provides in-depth information on various traditional medicinal systems in India and discusses their medical importance. India has a very long history of safely using many herbal drugs. Folk medicine is also a key source of medical knowledge and plays a vital role in maintaining health in rural and remote areas. Despite its importance, this form of medicine largely remains under-investigated. Out of all the traditional medicinal systems used worldwide, Indian traditional medicine holds a unique position, as it has continued to deliver healthcare throughout the Asian subcontinent since ancient times. In addition, traditional medicine has been used to derive advanced techniques and investigate many modern drugs. Given the scope of its coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for scientists and researchers exploring traditional and herbal medicine, as well as graduate students in courses on traditional medicine, herbal medicine and pharmacy.

Author: A. Alonso Aguirre
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0199731470
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 666

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New Directions of Conservation Medicine: Applied Cases of Ecological Health covers topics from emerging diseases and toxicants to the EcoHealth/One Health explosion. It challenges the notion that human health is an isolated concern removed from the bounds of ecology and species interactions.