Droplet Spectrum from CP Nozzles Affected by Pressure, Flat-Fan, and Deflection Angles in Aerial Applications of Glyphosate PDF Download
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Author: Guilherme Sousa Alves Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nozzles Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
Spray classification based on droplet size has been used worldwide to characterize nozzles in relation to efficacy and drift potential. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of pressure, flat angle of nozzle, and deflection angle on droplet spectrum in aerial applications of glyphosate using a high-speed wind tunnel. Two independent studies were conducted: one evaluating pressure (207, 310, 414 kPa) and deflection angle (0, 30, 60, 90) with CP-11TT 8008 nozzles, and another study evaluating flat-fan angle (20, 40, 80) of CP-11TT nozzles with 08 orifice size and the same deflection angles used in a previous study, at 207 kPa pressure. The solution was prepared with water and Roundup PowerMax at 2.34 L ha -1 as a source of glyphosate, simulating a carrier volume of 30 L ha -1 . Droplet size data were recorded in a high-speed wind tunnel using a Sympatec HELOS laser diffraction system. The droplet size was affected by interactions between pressure versus deflection angle and flat-fan versus deflection angle. Selecting narrower angles of flat-fan nozzles and deflections, as well as higher pressures, are viable alternatives to mitigate glyphosate drift from aerial applications.
Author: Guilherme Sousa Alves Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nozzles Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
Spray classification based on droplet size has been used worldwide to characterize nozzles in relation to efficacy and drift potential. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of pressure, flat angle of nozzle, and deflection angle on droplet spectrum in aerial applications of glyphosate using a high-speed wind tunnel. Two independent studies were conducted: one evaluating pressure (207, 310, 414 kPa) and deflection angle (0, 30, 60, 90) with CP-11TT 8008 nozzles, and another study evaluating flat-fan angle (20, 40, 80) of CP-11TT nozzles with 08 orifice size and the same deflection angles used in a previous study, at 207 kPa pressure. The solution was prepared with water and Roundup PowerMax at 2.34 L ha -1 as a source of glyphosate, simulating a carrier volume of 30 L ha -1 . Droplet size data were recorded in a high-speed wind tunnel using a Sympatec HELOS laser diffraction system. The droplet size was affected by interactions between pressure versus deflection angle and flat-fan versus deflection angle. Selecting narrower angles of flat-fan nozzles and deflections, as well as higher pressures, are viable alternatives to mitigate glyphosate drift from aerial applications.
Author: AJ. Adams Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agricultural sprays Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
The differences in drop size characteristics along the long axis of "fine", "medium" and "coarse" sprays produced by agricultural fan nozzles were determined using the Aerometries Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). Water, water + 0.06% adjuvant, water + 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and water +0.2% dispersible granule (DG) were sprayed through each nozzle. There was little difference in volume median diameter (Dv.5), number median diameter (Dn.5) or percent (by number and volume of the spray contained in drops 100um or 300um diameter when water was compared with the DG. However, the EC had a significantly larger Dv.5 than the water sprayed through five out of the six nozzles tested. Therefore, sprays produced by specific nozzles cannot be reliably defined on the basis of data for water alone. The percentage of spray volume contained in drops 100um diameter (most likely to drift) was 4 times greater in fine compared to coarse sprays. However, the 6-fold difference in flowrate results in the higher throughput nozzles producing most "driftable" volume per unit time. In coarse sprays, 69 -- 84% by volume, but only 13 - 29% by number, was contained in drops 300um diameter (may rebound upon impaction). When these drops were artificially removed from the analysis, the Dv.5 was in the range 190 - 231um, irrespective of nozzle or'formulation. Thus, while coarse sprays contain, characteristically, large drops (which may contribute to off-target contamination because they are not retained well by plant surfaces), they are not associated with a reduced drift potential compared to fine sprays, based on volume production of drops
Author: Greg R. Kruger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Drift reduction technology (DRT) Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
The introduction of drift reduction technology (DRT) guidelines by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established testing protocols for nozzles, agrochemicals, application parameters, and combinations thereof for applying agrochemicals by certified individuals in the United States. The Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska, sought to develop a large database of droplet spectrum data in regards to agrochemical applications by ground systems. The results of this study indicated that nozzle type had the greatest impact on the droplet spectrums measured. DRT star ratings ranged from zero to four, depending upon nozzle selection and adjuvant inclusion. The results of this study indicated that factors that affect a droplet spectrum, including nozzle type, tank-mixture components, and operating pressure, should be tested together when submitting data to the EPA.
Author: Kurt J. Leonard Publisher: American Phytopathological Society ISBN: Category : Barley Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive record of current knowledge on the nature of Fusarium head blight, the damage it causes, and current research on how to control it. The book begins with a historical account of Fusarium head blight epidemics that gives context to recent attempts to control epidemics in wheat and barley. A review of pathogen taxonomy and population biology helps scientists to see relationships among head blight pathogens and other Fusarium species. The information on epidemiology included in this review also provides an understanding of the weather conditions and cultural practices that promote explosive epidemics. New information on infection processes will lead the reader to a better understanding of how to breed for resistance in wheat and barley.
Author: S. Johnson Hake Publisher: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources ISBN: 9781879906099 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
The Cotton Production Manual was written for growers everywhere who strive to improve cotton quality and productivity. Features a season-by season production calendar with pest and disease control, fertilization, and irrigation tips and a Diagnostic Guide to help you identify crop problems in the field with management options. 12 pages of color plates.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309082951 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Author: A. Knowles Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401149569 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Agrochemical products and adjuvants are of vital importance in agriculture, to protect food and fibre crops from weeds, insect pests and diseases, in order to feed and clothe the growing world population. In recent years there have been increasing pressures to produce agrochemical formulations which have a lower environmental impact and are safer in use. Enormous changes have taken place in the chemistry and technology of agrochemicals over the last twenty years or so and this book provides a timely review of the most important area of technology in the development of new products. This book covers issues around international product quality and safety standards and describes the current and likely future trends which will carry the industry forward into the next millennium. It brings together well known international experts with many years of practical experience from agrochemical companies, consultancies, academic institutions and regulatory bodies. Chemists and technologists involved in developing new or improved agrochemical formulations will find this book an essential reference in the course of their work. The book will also be of interest to those working in research and development departments of raw material suppliers, as a concise review of this important field.
Author: Guilherme Sousa Alves
Author: Guilherme Sousa Alves
Author: AJ. Adams
Author: Md Kamal Uddin Sarker
Author: Greg R. Kruger
Author: Charles Frederick Michaelis
Author: Wesley E. Yates
Author: Kurt J. Leonard
Author: S. Johnson Hake
Author: National Research Council
Author: A. Knowles