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Author: Frederik Boulogne Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041167145 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 655
Book Description
The European Union (EU) Merger Directive removes certain tax disadvantages encountered by companies and their shareholders in the course of a restructuring operation. However, in spite of amendments and European Court of Justice's (ECJ) interpretations of its provisions, various shortcomings remain. This thoroughgoing analysis, broader and deeper than any prior work on the subject, addresses all the Directive's subtopics methodically, following the paragraphs of Articles 1-15 in their logical succession. The author analyses the points in which the Merger Directive falls short of attaining its stated objective, and he also examines how these shortcomings could be scaled. To do so, he tests the Merger Directive against its own objective, primary EU law (the fundamental freedoms and the unwritten general principles of EU law) and non-discrimination provisions in relevant treaties. Each of the following questions is addressed and responded to in depth: – Which entities have access to the Merger Directive and which entities should have access to it? – Which operations are covered by the Merger Directive and which operations should be covered? – Which tax disadvantages to cross-border restructuring operations does the Merger Directive aim to remove, which tax disadvantages have been actually removed, which tax disadvantages remain, and how should the Merger Directive be amended to remove the remaining tax disadvantages? – How tax avoidance should be combated under Article 15(1)(a) of the Merger Directive, which possible types of tax avoidance can be identi¬fied, and how the Merger Directive should be amended? – Which cases of double taxation does a taxpayer engaging in cross-border restructuring operations potentially encounter, and how they can be taken away by the Merger Directive? The key shortcomings that are identifi¬ed are: the Merger Directive’s objective is not stated precisely; minimum harmonisation does not lead to a common tax system; exhaustive lists are used as legislative technique; the Merger Directive does not add much to the outcomes reached through negative harmonisation; and the de¬finitions of qualifying operations are not fully aligned with corporate law. Chapter 6 contains a deeply informed and viable proposal for the amendment of the Merger Directive. This is the fi¬rst treatment not only to evaluate the Directive's effi¬cacy in detail but also to offer real solutions to its shortcomings. It will be welcomed by policymakers, judges, practitioners and academics, and the recommendations it contains are sure to affect ongoing amendments and jurisprudence on the Merger Directive.
Author: Frederik Boulogne Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041167145 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 655
Book Description
The European Union (EU) Merger Directive removes certain tax disadvantages encountered by companies and their shareholders in the course of a restructuring operation. However, in spite of amendments and European Court of Justice's (ECJ) interpretations of its provisions, various shortcomings remain. This thoroughgoing analysis, broader and deeper than any prior work on the subject, addresses all the Directive's subtopics methodically, following the paragraphs of Articles 1-15 in their logical succession. The author analyses the points in which the Merger Directive falls short of attaining its stated objective, and he also examines how these shortcomings could be scaled. To do so, he tests the Merger Directive against its own objective, primary EU law (the fundamental freedoms and the unwritten general principles of EU law) and non-discrimination provisions in relevant treaties. Each of the following questions is addressed and responded to in depth: – Which entities have access to the Merger Directive and which entities should have access to it? – Which operations are covered by the Merger Directive and which operations should be covered? – Which tax disadvantages to cross-border restructuring operations does the Merger Directive aim to remove, which tax disadvantages have been actually removed, which tax disadvantages remain, and how should the Merger Directive be amended to remove the remaining tax disadvantages? – How tax avoidance should be combated under Article 15(1)(a) of the Merger Directive, which possible types of tax avoidance can be identi¬fied, and how the Merger Directive should be amended? – Which cases of double taxation does a taxpayer engaging in cross-border restructuring operations potentially encounter, and how they can be taken away by the Merger Directive? The key shortcomings that are identifi¬ed are: the Merger Directive’s objective is not stated precisely; minimum harmonisation does not lead to a common tax system; exhaustive lists are used as legislative technique; the Merger Directive does not add much to the outcomes reached through negative harmonisation; and the de¬finitions of qualifying operations are not fully aligned with corporate law. Chapter 6 contains a deeply informed and viable proposal for the amendment of the Merger Directive. This is the fi¬rst treatment not only to evaluate the Directive's effi¬cacy in detail but also to offer real solutions to its shortcomings. It will be welcomed by policymakers, judges, practitioners and academics, and the recommendations it contains are sure to affect ongoing amendments and jurisprudence on the Merger Directive.
Author: Ben Terra Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Although a genuine European tax hardly exists as such, the EC policy of aligning national taxes and tax policies insofar as is necessary for a common market affects taxation and tax law in all Member States. European Tax Law systematically surveys the EC tax rules that arise from this policy and their implications. It provides a detailed discussion of European integration and Community tax harmonisation policy, with practical analysis of all the relevant Community tax rules, in force and pending. The book's clear, straightforward coverage includes: tax measures already taken at the Community level and their legal basis; the current state of positive harmonisation as manifested in EC regulations and directives; the effect of 'negative integration' (such as prohibition of discrimination) that limits Member States' freedom to arrange their own national tax systems; the surprising effect of national habits and couleur locale ; and the consequences of general (non-fiscal) Community law for national tax laws as it emerges in the case law of the European Court of Justice. European Tax Law includes an extensive index and a table of cases for easy access to information. Practitioners, academics, and advanced students of tax law and EC law will value the lucid, ordered, and comprehensive coverage of this resource.
Author: Michel Lozato Publisher: ISBN: 9782100582587 Category : Taxation Languages : fr Pages : 167
Book Description
Les Annales DCG sont spécifiquement destinées à la préparation des épreuves du DCG. Le candidat y trouvera tous les outils nécessaires à la réussite, avec :un cas type représentatif de l'épreuve, commenté "pas à pas" pour apprendre à décrypter un énoncé d'examen et en réaliser le corrigé idéalles sujets des quatre dernières annalesles corrigés détaillésla présentation de l'épreuve et des conseils méthodologiquesTous les sujets et leur corrigé sont entièrement actualisés pour coller à l'actualité et permettre une préparation efficace.
Author: Oliver R. Hoor Publisher: ISBN: 9782919782864 Category : Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
Over the last decades, Luxembourg has developed and cemented its position as a prime holding location and a major financial centre within Europe. Multinational enterprises and international investors alike use Luxembourg as a platform to manage their business activities and investments. 0Luxembourg companies may enter into diverse commercial and financial transactions with associated enterprises. The prices charged in regard to these controlled transactions are called transfer prices. For Luxembourg tax purposes, these prices have to adhere to the "arm?s length principle".0The arm?s length principle is the international transfer pricing standard that OECD member countries have agreed should be used for tax purposes by MNE groups and tax administrations. 0The arm?s length principle is firmly ingrained in Luxembourg tax law and has been explicitly stated in article 56 of the Luxembourg Income Tax Law (LITL). In addition, several concepts and provisions under Luxembourg tax law require the arm?s length standard to be respected by Luxembourg companies. 0In 2020, a new chapter X has been added to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines that provides guidance on transfer pricing aspects of financial transactions which are a common phenomenon in Luxembourg. 0On 18 December 2020, the OECD further provided guidance on the application of the arm?s length principle and the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines to issues that may arise or be exacerbated in the context of the so-called COVID-19 pandemic and the financial turmoil resulting from government responses thereto.0This book analyses all facets of Luxembourg transfer pricing rules and relevant guidance in the 2020 version of the OECD Guidelines.
Author: Doris Hildebrand Publisher: International Competition Law ISBN: 9789041162458 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 554
Book Description
International Competition Law Series Volume 66 The Role of Economic Analysis in EU Competition Law, Fourth Edtionand in its revised and updated fourth edition, explores the full spectrum of the development of European economic approach in competition law. Almost two decades after the arrival of the and‘more economics based approachand’ to EU competition law, this economic school of thought, the European School, has been properly defined and is now in general used among competition law practitioners and their government counterparts. This approach, studied by Doris Hildebrand since the first edition of this now-classic work, implements the European cornerstones of the social market economy concept such as freedom of contract, social fairness, and the equality principle. In this edition, the author uncovers its multiple rationales as it has gradually formulated the legal principles of and‘competition economicsand’ that have come to underlie all matters related to Article 101 (1), Article 101 (3), Article 102, the Merger Regulation, and the State Aid provisions. As in previous editions, the bookand’s interdisciplinary approach integrates law and economics in such a way that economics in competition proceedings becomes easier to understand for lawyers not trained in economic theory or economic school of thoughts. It offers an in-depth description of and‘European Schooland’ theories and applications, particularly with respect to vertical and horizontal agreements. In addition, the book provides solid guidance on the definition of the relevant antitrust markets, with a detailed description of the hypothetical monopolist test. Whatand’s in this book: Among the fundamental elements discussed are the following: application of economics in the competition test as developed by the EU Courts; concrete economic analysis companies need to perform in order to qualify for an exemption; test procedures to assess whether a certain behaviour constitutes an abuse under Article 82; various methodologies to define markets; contrasting the European and Chicago schools; practical implementation of the EU social market economy objective in EU competition law; workable competition vs. effective competition; changes in the enforcement system; use of evidence in market definition practice; State Aid provisions; and empirical techniques used to evaluate a merger. All significant cases contributory to the development of European competition economics are discussed and analysed in detail. and‘The Frameand’, the first chapter that has been included in this edition, clearly demonstrates all the ways in which EU competition policy represents an essential foundation of the EU. Moreover and‘The Frameand’ elaborates that the social market economy objective as defined in the Lisbon Treaty is, from the economic perspective, the appropriate benchmark in any EU competition law assessment. This benchmark requires a holistic approach by taking into account and‘utilitiesand’ of EU citizens instead of focusing on price elements only. How will this help you: This new updated and revised edition has been greatly anticipated and will be widely welcomed. The book helps to develop expertise in applying the and‘more economics based approachand’ by citing the relevant case law. Competition lawyers, corporate in-house counsel, competition authorities, and courts will appreciate the bookand’s clear, understandable discussion of the relevant European competition theory, authoritative guidance on the application of economic analysis, and practical insight in dealing with these subjects in real-world cases. and
Book Description
Clair et synthétique, ce manuel traite de façon exhaustive le programme du DCG 4, «Droit fiscal». Illustré de nombreux exemples, il en étudie tous les aspects, facilite leur compréhension et leur mise en pratique immédiate. Les notions clefs sont systématiquement définies et la mémorisation du cours est renforcée par le recours fréquent à une présentation en tableau. Les nombreuses applications thématiques de complexités différentes permettent la mise en pratique immédiate des connaissances. Un index et une table des matières détaillées sont proposés en fin d'ouvrage.Les corrigés des applications sont publiés dans un ouvrage à part.Cette 6e édition est entièrement à jour de l'actualité juridique, en particulier de la loi de finances 2012. Les mises à jour rendues nécessaires par les éventuelles lois rectificatives futures seront présentées sur le site dunod.com au fur et à mesure de la parution de ces dernières.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264921915 Category : Languages : en Pages : 658
Book Description
In a global economy where multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a prominent role, governments need to ensure that the taxable profits of MNEs are not artificially shifted out of their jurisdiction and that the tax base reported by MNEs in their country reflects the economic activity undertaken therein. For taxpayers, it is essential to limit the risks of economic double taxation.
Author: Doris Hildebrand Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 500
Book Description
Focusing on the EC rules applying to businesses (Article 85, Article 86, And The Merger Regulation), this book evaluates the role of economic analysis in EC competition law. Although clearly written for a legal audience, The book is interdisciplinary, integrating both law and economics in such as way that economics in competition proceedings becomes easier to understand for people not trained in economic theory. A comprehensive presentation of the competition rules, including an overview of competition theory, prepares the scene. The concept of competition is developed from an economic point of view because knowledge of economic theory becomes essential in EC competition law. Judgements of the EC Courts--as well as such relevant documents as the Commission's Green Paper on Vertical Restraints--serve to highlight the Commission's approach. The book provides practical guidance on how to apply an economic analysis under the EC competition rules. Lawyers will appreciate the clear, easy-to-follow discussion of competition theory, The authoritative evaluation of the increasing importance of economics in competition law, And The expert guidance in dealing with this subject.
Author: Frederik Boulogne
Author: Frederik Boulogne
Author: Ben Terra
Author: Michel Lozato
Author: Oliver R. Hoor
Author: Doris Hildebrand
Author: Emmanuel Disle
Author: OECD
Author: Nathalie Gonthier-Besacier
Author: Hans V Holst
Author: Doris Hildebrand