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Author: Jessica A. Bryant Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Microorganisms support all life in the oceans and are fundamental to maintaining a habitable biosphere on Earth. However an understanding of their taxonomic and functional distributions across space and time are just beginning to emerge and numerous niches within the marine environment are still awaiting exploration. The motivation for this thesis is to improve our understanding of distributions of microbes and their metabolic potential at Station ALOHA, a long-term study site representative of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). We observed changes in diversity and community composition at Station ALOHA across time, ocean depth and on plastic debris, a new anthropogenically derived niche in the NPSG. Despite surface waters only experiencing mild seasonal variation in the abiotic environment, using near monthly picoplankton samples collected across a 2-year period at 25m depth, we observed that microbial community composition correlated with solar irradiance, thereby demonstrating seasonal trends. Ocean surface microbes are known to differ fundamentally from those found in the ocean's interior, yet the nature of the transitions from shallow to deep surface water communities is not well understood. Using a high resolution depth series across twelve time points, we observed that microbial communities partitioned into four groups that consisted of all samples above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), 125m samples below the DCM, all 200 m samples and all 500, 770 and 1000m samples. Our data also revealed a sharp discontinuity in genomic traits including GC%, genome size and proteome elemental composition spanning the DCM, suggesting that nitrogen limitation was key to shaping this sharp genomic transition zone across disparate clades. In contrast, we observed that plastic debris in the NPSG forms a habitat for complex microbial assemblages that have organisms, lifestyles and metabolic pathways that are distinct and potentially less nutrient limited than picoplankton in the surrounding water column. Taken together this work helps expand our understanding of spatial and temporal distributions of microorganisms at Station ALOHA and can help direct future microbial oceanography surveys, highlighting new directions for future research.
Author: Jessica A. Bryant Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Microorganisms support all life in the oceans and are fundamental to maintaining a habitable biosphere on Earth. However an understanding of their taxonomic and functional distributions across space and time are just beginning to emerge and numerous niches within the marine environment are still awaiting exploration. The motivation for this thesis is to improve our understanding of distributions of microbes and their metabolic potential at Station ALOHA, a long-term study site representative of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). We observed changes in diversity and community composition at Station ALOHA across time, ocean depth and on plastic debris, a new anthropogenically derived niche in the NPSG. Despite surface waters only experiencing mild seasonal variation in the abiotic environment, using near monthly picoplankton samples collected across a 2-year period at 25m depth, we observed that microbial community composition correlated with solar irradiance, thereby demonstrating seasonal trends. Ocean surface microbes are known to differ fundamentally from those found in the ocean's interior, yet the nature of the transitions from shallow to deep surface water communities is not well understood. Using a high resolution depth series across twelve time points, we observed that microbial communities partitioned into four groups that consisted of all samples above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), 125m samples below the DCM, all 200 m samples and all 500, 770 and 1000m samples. Our data also revealed a sharp discontinuity in genomic traits including GC%, genome size and proteome elemental composition spanning the DCM, suggesting that nitrogen limitation was key to shaping this sharp genomic transition zone across disparate clades. In contrast, we observed that plastic debris in the NPSG forms a habitat for complex microbial assemblages that have organisms, lifestyles and metabolic pathways that are distinct and potentially less nutrient limited than picoplankton in the surrounding water column. Taken together this work helps expand our understanding of spatial and temporal distributions of microorganisms at Station ALOHA and can help direct future microbial oceanography surveys, highlighting new directions for future research.
Author: Samuel T. Wilson Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889456463 Category : Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
The microbial community in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is dominated by unicellular microorganisms less than a few micrometers in size. Despite the persistent low nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton growth rates appear near maximal, sustained by the recycling of nutrients with plankton population sizes regulated by processes such as zooplankton grazing and viral lysis. Seasonal pulses of particle export to the deep sea and increases in phytoplankton abundance occur during the summer months; however, the factors that result in these imbalances in growth and loss processes are not well understood. Nonetheless, as a result of persistent fieldwork and development of sensitive methodologies, the biogeochemical and ecological dynamics occurring over timescales ranging from diel to interannual are being revealed. This Research Topic covers multiple aspects of microbial oceanography in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre including identification and isolation of microorganisms, quantification of microbial biomass and turnover, metabolism and physiological activities, and microbial-mediated biogeochemical cycling. All of the papers use field data collected by either the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program, the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) or the Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE). These three programs have greatly increased our understanding of microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycling in the NPSG, in part by providing unparalleled access to the NPSG on oceanographic research vessels.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Sinking particles mediate the transport of carbon and energy to the deep-sea, yet the specific microbes associated with sedimenting particles in the ocean's interior remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we used particle interceptor traps (PITs) to assess the nature of particle-associated microbial communities collected at a variety of depths in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Comparative metagenomics was used to assess differences in microbial taxa and functional gene repertoires in PITs containing a preservative (poisoned traps) compared to preservative-free traps where growth was allowed to continue in situ (live traps). Live trap microbial communities shared taxonomic and functional similarities with bacteria previously reported to be enriched in dissolved organic matter (DOM) microcosms (e.g., Alteromonas and Methylophaga), in addition to other particle and eukaryote-associated bacteria (e.g., Flavobacteriales and Pseudoalteromonas). Poisoned trap microbial assemblages were enriched in Vibrio and Campylobacterales likely associated with eukaryotic surfaces and intestinal tracts as symbionts, pathogens, or saprophytes. The functional gene content of microbial assemblages in poisoned traps included a variety of genes involved in virulence, anaerobic metabolism, attachment to chitinaceaous surfaces, and chitin degradation. The presence of chitinaceaous surfaces was also accompanied by the co-existence of bacteria which encoded the capacity to attach to, transport and metabolize chitin and its derivatives. Distinctly different microbial assemblages predominated in live traps, which were largely represented by copiotrophs and eukaryote-associated bacterial communities. Predominant sediment trap-assocaited eukaryotic phyla included Dinoflagellata, Metazoa (mostly copepods), Protalveolata, Retaria, and Stramenopiles. In conclusion, these data indicate the central role of eukaryotic taxa in structuring sinking particle microbial assemblages, as well as the rapid responses of indigenous microbial species in the degradation of marine particulate organic matter (POM) in situ in the ocean's interior.
Author: Simon A. Levin Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691156042 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 826
Book Description
The Princeton Guide to Ecology is a concise, authoritative one-volume reference to the field's major subjects and key concepts. Edited by eminent ecologist Simon Levin, with contributions from an international team of leading ecologists, the book contains more than ninety clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics within seven major areas: autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management. Complete with more than 200 illustrations (including sixteen pages in color), a glossary of key terms, a chronology of milestones in the field, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, research ecologists, scientists in related fields, policymakers, and anyone else with a serious interest in ecology. Explains key topics in one concise and authoritative volume Features more than ninety articles written by an international team of leading ecologists Contains more than 200 illustrations, including sixteen pages in color Includes glossary, chronology, suggestions for further reading, and index Covers autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management
Author: Josep M. Gasol Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119107199 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 567
Book Description
The newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.
Author: Lucas J. Stal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319330004 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 501
Book Description
This book describes the state-of-the-art concerning the ‘marine microbiome’ and its uses in biotechnology. The first part discusses the diversity and ecology of marine microorganisms and viruses, including all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. It discusses whether marine microorganisms exist and, if so, why they might be unique. The second part presents selected marine habitats, their inhabitants and how they influence biogeochemical cycles, while the third discusses the utilization of marine microbial resources, including legal aspects, dissemination, and public awareness. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. The diversity of microbial life remains unquantified and largely unknown, and could represent a hidden treasure for human society. Accordingly, this book is also intended to connect academics and industry, providing essential information for microbiologists from both fields.
Author: Caroline Chénard Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319516868 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
This book explores microbial lifestyles, biochemical adaptations, and trophic interactions occurring in extreme environments. By summarizing the latest findings in the field it provides a valuable reference for future studies. Spark ideas for biotechnological and commercial exploitation of microbiomes at the extremes of life are presented. Chapters on viruses complement this highly informative book. In a vertical journey through the microbial biosphere it covers aspects of cold environments, hot environments, extreme saline environments, and extreme pressure environments, and more. From the deep sea, through polar deserts, up to the clouds in the air - the diversity of microbial life in all habitats is described, explored, and comprehensively reviewed. Possible biotechnical applications are discussed. This book aims to provide a useful reference for those who want to start a research program in extreme microbiology and, hopefully, inspire new research directions.
Author: Matthias Wietz Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 288945908X Category : Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
Socio-ecological interactions between microbes and associated organisms are integral elements of marine ecosystem dynamics. This Research Topic combines sixteen papers on interactions across the major domains of marine life, including prokaryotes, phytoplankton, macroalgae, cnidarians, viruses and fungi. These studies offer exciting insights into microbial cooperation and competition, holobiont ecology, interkingdom signaling, chemical microdiversity, and biogeography. Understanding such network processes is essential for the interpretation of ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical events, particularly in the wake of climate change.
Author: Da Huo Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832554520 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Cyanobacteria, represent an incredibly diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that can be found thriving in a variety of ecosystems around the world, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of our planet's atmosphere and contributing significantly to global primary production, which ultimately supports the growth and sustenance of countless other life forms. These remarkable organisms exhibit a fascinating array of morphological variations, allowing them to adapt and flourish even in the most extreme and inhospitable environments, such as hot springs, polar ice caps, and arid deserts. In recent years, the study of genetic diversity within cyanobacteria has garnered considerable interest among scientists, as it offers valuable insights into their evolutionary history, ecological roles, and potential applications in the burgeoning field of biotechnology, as well as the development and progression of the photosynthetic processes that have shaped our world and made it habitable for countless species throughout the eons.
Author: Jessica A. Bryant
Author: Jessica A. Bryant
Author: Samuel T. Wilson
Author: D. M. Karl
Author: 
Author: Simon A. Levin
Author: Josep M. Gasol
Author: Lucas J. Stal
Author: Caroline Chénard
Author: Matthias Wietz
Author: Da Huo