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Author: Marc Jolivet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1394325800 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Low-temperature thermochronology has become an essential tool when studying near-surface geological processes. Time-temperature constraints are vital to quantify and describe a large variety of geological processes, such as relief building, erosion and sedimentation or the maturation of organic matter in sedimentary basins. After a brief history covering the discovery of fission tracks to their first applications in geochronology, Fission-track Thermochronology presents a complete description of not only the fission-track, but also the (U Th Sm)/He thermochronology approaches, both on basement rocks and on sediments. Firstly, the physical and chemical processes that underlie these techniques are addressed, and the analytical methods are described in detail. A particular focus is placed on the latest developments, such as the use of laser-ablation ICP-MS, and a whole chapter is dedicated to statistical modeling of the data. Finally, numerous examples of applications to geological questions will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of low temperature thermochronology in solving geological and geomorphological questions.
Author: Marc Jolivet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1394325800 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Low-temperature thermochronology has become an essential tool when studying near-surface geological processes. Time-temperature constraints are vital to quantify and describe a large variety of geological processes, such as relief building, erosion and sedimentation or the maturation of organic matter in sedimentary basins. After a brief history covering the discovery of fission tracks to their first applications in geochronology, Fission-track Thermochronology presents a complete description of not only the fission-track, but also the (U Th Sm)/He thermochronology approaches, both on basement rocks and on sediments. Firstly, the physical and chemical processes that underlie these techniques are addressed, and the analytical methods are described in detail. A particular focus is placed on the latest developments, such as the use of laser-ablation ICP-MS, and a whole chapter is dedicated to statistical modeling of the data. Finally, numerous examples of applications to geological questions will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of low temperature thermochronology in solving geological and geomorphological questions.
Author: Peter Hannaford Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 038723294X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
The embryonic development of femtoscience stems from advances made in the generation of ultrashort laser pulses. Beginning with mode-locking of glass lasers in the 1960s, the development of dye lasers brought the pulse width down from picoseconds to femtoseconds. The breakthrough in solid state laser pulse generation provided the current reliable table-top laser systems capable of average power of about 1 watt, and peak power density of easily watts per square centimeter, with pulse widths in the range of four to eight femtoseconds. Pulses with peak power density reaching watts per square centimeter have been achieved in laboratory settings and, more recently, pulses of sub-femtosecond duration have been successfully generated. As concepts and methodologies have evolved over the past two decades, the realm of ultrafast science has become vast and exciting and has impacted many areas of chemistry, biology and physics, and other fields such as materials science, electrical engineering, and optical communication. In molecular science the explosive growth of this research is for fundamental reasons. In femtochemistry and femtobiology chemical bonds form and break on the femtosecond time scale, and on this scale of time we can freeze the transition states at configurations never before seen. Even for n- reactive physical changes one is observing the most elementary of molecular processes. On a time scale shorter than the vibrational and rotational periods the ensemble behaves coherently as a single-molecule trajectory.
Author: Raymond M. Measures Publisher: Wiley-Interscience ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
Presents a concise, self-contained monograph on laser remote sensing and its applications. Discusses the ways in which lasers can be used to remotely measure the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Provides an historical perspective and reviews the basic physics needed.
Author: Heiko Füser Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736947089 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 143
Book Description
Der Terahertz (THz) Frequenzbereich hat in den letzten Jahren für Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. In diesem Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums, der aus Anwendersicht lange Zeit als unzugänglich betrachtet wurde, haben sich inzwischen eine Vielzahl spektroskopischer und bildgebender Verfahren etabliert. Auch Anwendungen aus der Sicherheitstechnik sowie der Telekommunikationsbranche operieren mittlerweile bei Frequenzen im hohen Gigahertz bis unteren THz-Bereich. Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt zwei Aspekte, die für diese neuartigen Technologien von zentraler Bedeutung sind: die Detektion sowie die Erzeugung von THz-Strahlung. Hierbei kommen optoelektronische Techniken zum Einsatz, basierend auf der Anregung von Halbleitermaterialien mittels Femtosekunden-Lasern. Über den sogenannten THz-Frequenzkamm lassen sich auf diese Weise Dauerstrich-Thz-Quellen mit höchster Messgenauigkeit charakterisieren und räumlich aufgelöste Emissionsprofile der Quellen erstellen. Dies wird anhand zweier Detektionsverfahren, der elektro-optischen sowie der photoleitenden Detektion, untersucht. Die THz-Erzeugung wird über die Anregung kurzer Ströme im Halbleitermaterial realisiert. Hierbei lässt sich die Emissionsrichtung der THz-Felder allein über die Eigenschaften des Anregungslichtes kontrollieren, womit die erste rein optisch gesteuerte THz-Quelle demonstriert werden kann.
Author: Marc Jolivet
Author: Marc Jolivet
Author: Peter Hannaford
Author: Pierre Laporte
Author: Raymond M. Measures
Author: Heiko Füser