Author: V. B. LapshinPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Determining the Salinity of the Surface Micro-layer of the Ocean
Author: V. B. LapshinThe Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean
Author: Alexander SolovievPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402040539
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 586
Book Description
Until the 1980s, a tacit agreement among many physical oceanographers was that nothing deserving attention could be found in the upper few meters of the ocean. The lack of adequete knowledge about the near-surface layer of the ocean was mainly due to the fact that the widely used oceanographic instruments (such as bathythermographs, CTDs, current meters, etc.) were practically useless in the upper few meters of the ocean. Interest in the ne- surface layer of the ocean rapidly increased along with the development of remote sensing techniques. The interpretation of ocean surface signals sensed from satellites demanded thorough knowledge of upper ocean processes and their connection to the ocean interior. Despite its accessibility to the investigator, the near-surface layer of the ocean is not a simple subject of experimental study. Random, sometimes huge, vertical motions of the ocean surface due to surface waves are a serious complication for collecting quality data close to the ocean surface. The supposedly minor problem of avoiding disturbances from ships’ wakes has frustrated several generations of oceanographers attempting to take reliable data from the upper few meters of the ocean. Important practical applications nevertheless demanded action, and as a result several pioneering works in the 1970s and 1980s laid the foundation for the new subject of oceanography – the near-surface layer of the ocean.
Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour
Author: John M. WrightPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148325707X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 173
Book Description
Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour provides a comprehensive introduction to marine science. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydrological cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and their combined influence on density, stability, and vertical water movements are discussed in Chapters 2 to 4. The fifth chapter describes the behavior of light and sound in seawater and provides examples of the application of acoustics to oceanography. Chapter 6 examines the composition and behavior of the dissolved constituents of seawater, covering minor and trace constituents and major ions, as well as dissolved gases and biologically important nutrients. Residence times, speciation, and carbonate equilibria are also deliberated. The last chapter provides a short review of ideas about the history of seawater, involvement of the oceans in global cycles, and their relationship to climatic change. This publication is beneficial to oceanographers and marine biologists, including students that are interested in marine science.
Air-Sea Exchange of Gases and Particles
Author: P.S. LissPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789027716101
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 582
Book Description
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Durham, New Hampshire, U.S.A., July 19-30, 1982
Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles
Author: Peter S. LissPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642256430
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Book Description
The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Temperature-Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters
Author: O.I. MamayevPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080870473
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
Book Description
Temperature-Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters
The Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean
Author: Konstantin Nikolaevich FedorovPublisher: VSP
ISBN: 9789067641364
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Book Description
This book treats the structure and variability of basic physical fields in a thin near-surface layer which responds quickly to all short-term and local fluctuations of atmospheric forcing and of radiative solar energy flux. The book contains up-to-date information on different phenomena and processes in this layer based on research conducted over the last ten years. The following topics are treated in detail: basic types of vertical thermal structure of near-surface layers; anomalous phenomena on the ocean surface; thermal and haline boundary layers, its structures and relations to convection; diurnal thermocline and cycle nature of related processes; effects of precipitation on near-surface salinity and thermal structure; peculiarities of near-surface ocean currents; coherent (organized) forms of non-stationary currents (mushroom currents or vortex dipoles, transversal jets in coastal upwellings, vortices and jets in marginal ice zones); some aspects of effectiveness of remote sensing of the ocean by aerospace technique.
A Study of the Salinity of the Surface Water in the North Pacific Ocean and in the Adjacent Enclosed Seas
Author: Austin Hobart ClarkPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pacific Ocean
Languages : en
Pages : 46
Book Description
Oceanology
Author: Methods of Seawater Analysis
Author: Klaus GrasshoffPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527613994
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 632
Book Description
Since the book first appeared in 1976, Methods of Seawater Analysis has found widespread acceptance as a reliable and detailed source of information. Its second extended and revised edition published in 1983 reflected the rapid pace of instrumental and methodological evolution in the preceding years. The development has lost nothing of its momentum, and many methods and procedures still suffering their teething troubles then have now matured into dependable tools for the analyst. This is especially evident for trace and ultra-trace analyses of organic and inorganic seawater constituents which have diversified considerably and now require more space for their description than before. Methods to determine volatile halocarbons, dimethyl sulphide, photosynthetic pigments and natural radioactive tracers have been added as well as applications of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis. Another method not previously described deals with the determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide as part of standardised procedures to describe the marine CO2 system.