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Author: Rakesh R. Nambiar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Molecular structure Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The relative placement of side chains along the backbone has a great influence on the solid state ordering of conjugated polymers. Poly(2,5-disubstituted-1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPE)s, an important class of conjugated polymers, are generally synthesized by Pd-catalyzed coupling polymerizations of appropriately substituted diiodo and diethynyl benzenes (i.e., A-A and B-B type monomers). In asymmetrically substituted PPEs, this results in an irregular substitution pattern of the side chains along the polymer backbone. We report a new synthetic approach to prepare regioregular unsymmetrically substituted PPEs by polymerization of 4-iodophenylacetylenes (i.e., A-B type monomer). We provide a detailed discussion of various approaches to the synthesis of PPEs with different regioregularities and provide a description of the differences between regioregular and regiorandom analogs.
Author: Rakesh R. Nambiar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Molecular structure Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The relative placement of side chains along the backbone has a great influence on the solid state ordering of conjugated polymers. Poly(2,5-disubstituted-1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPE)s, an important class of conjugated polymers, are generally synthesized by Pd-catalyzed coupling polymerizations of appropriately substituted diiodo and diethynyl benzenes (i.e., A-A and B-B type monomers). In asymmetrically substituted PPEs, this results in an irregular substitution pattern of the side chains along the polymer backbone. We report a new synthetic approach to prepare regioregular unsymmetrically substituted PPEs by polymerization of 4-iodophenylacetylenes (i.e., A-B type monomer). We provide a detailed discussion of various approaches to the synthesis of PPEs with different regioregularities and provide a description of the differences between regioregular and regiorandom analogs.
Author: Terje A. Skotheim Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824700508 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1130
Book Description
Discussing theory and transport, synthesis, processing, properties, and applications, this second edition of a standard resource covers advances in the field of electrically conducting polymers and contains more than 1500 drawings, photographs, tables, and equations. Maintaining the style of presentation and depth of coverage that made the first edition so popular, it contains the authoritative contributions of an interdisciplinary team of world-renowned experts encompassing the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering. The Handbook of Conducting Polymers highlights progress, delineates improvements, and examines novel tools for polymer and materials scientists..
Author: John R. Reynolds Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315159295 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 832
Book Description
This book covers properties, processing, and applications of conducting polymers. It discusses properties and characterization, including photophysics and transport. It then moves to processing and morphology of conducting polymers, covering such topics as printing, thermal processing, morphology evolution, conducting polymer composites, thin films
Author: Olivia Pei-Hua Lee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as an alternative technology to current silicon-based systems for harvesting solar energy. The solution-processability of conjugated materials offers the potential for scalable, low-cost production of lightweight, flexible solar cells. In particular, OPVs containing a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) architecture, where electron-donors and electron-acceptors form an interpenetrating network within the device active layer, have demonstrated high solar cell performance. The active layer components serve a crucial role in light absorption, charge generation and carrier transport. Through synthetic design and device characterization, this work focuses on elucidating design strategies and principles for the development of high-performing electron-donors for OPVs. Molecular packing parameters of conjugated materials can strongly impact charge transport in the solid state. With a model polymer backbone containing thiophene comonomers, it was shown that strategic substitution of furan for thiophene improved material solubility and allowed for the use of linear alkyl side chains to reduce insulating contents in devices. These structural modifications yielded polymers with sufficient solubility, favorable solid-state morphology, enhanced long-range packing order, and efficient OPV performance. In a separate study, conjugated small molecules were functionalized with symmetric, planar end-groups so that they could self-assemble and form an interpenetrating network with electron-acceptors in the active layer. This investigation demonstrates that directing self-assembly via end-groups is an effective strategy to enhance molecular interconnectivity and improve the performance of molecular semiconductors in organic solar cells. Alongside solid-state morphology, semiconducting materials need to exhibit optical and electronic properties that enable effective light absorption and charge generation in solar cells. We showed that incorporating antiaromatic units into conjugated molecules effectively redshifted and broadened absorption to cover a significant portion of the visible spectrum. The impact of atomic substitution on optoelectronics was also explored with the design of an electron-poor monomer, oxadiazolopyridine, which yielded efficient OPV materials upon copolymerization with electron-donors. Furthermore, gold and silver nanoparticles were embedded in one of the device interlayers to enhance light absorption via surface plasmon resonance, improving OPV performance. Finally, influence of chemical structures on photoexcited charge transfer processes was investigated in a system containing organic electron-donors and inorganic electron-acceptor. Characterization by femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy provided information on electron transfer dynamics and molecular structural changes in the excited state. The results revealed that organic molecules containing trans-double bonds could isomerize into cis-double bonds upon photoexcitation, subsequently decreasing charge separation and device efficiency.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309049989 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Polymers are used in everything from nylon stockings to commercial aircraft to artificial heart valves, and they have a key role in addressing international competitiveness and other national issues. Polymer Science and Engineering explores the universe of polymers, describing their properties and wide-ranging potential, and presents the state of the science, with a hard look at downward trends in research support. Leading experts offer findings, recommendations, and research directions. Lively vignettes provide snapshots of polymers in everyday applications. The volume includes an overview of the use of polymers in such fields as medicine and biotechnology, information and communication, housing and construction, energy and transportation, national defense, and environmental protection. The committee looks at the various classes of polymersâ€"plastics, fibers, composites, and other materials, as well as polymers used as membranes and coatingsâ€"and how their composition and specific methods of processing result in unparalleled usefulness. The reader can also learn the science behind the technology, including efforts to model polymer synthesis after nature's methods, and breakthroughs in characterizing polymer properties needed for twenty-first-century applications. This informative volume will be important to chemists, engineers, materials scientists, researchers, industrialists, and policymakers interested in the role of polymers, as well as to science and engineering educators and students.
Author: John R. Reynolds Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351660233 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1488
Book Description
In the last 10 years there have been major advances in fundamental understanding and applications and a vast portfolio of new polymer structures with unique and tailored properties was developed. Work moved from a chemical repeat unit structure to one more based on structural control, new polymerization methodologies, properties, processing, and applications. The 4th Edition takes this into account and will be completely rewritten and reorganized, focusing on spin coating, spray coating, blade/slot die coating, layer-by-layer assembly, and fiber spinning methods; property characterizations of redox, interfacial, electrical, and optical phenomena; and commercial applications.
Author: Paolo Samorì Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527689915 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1332
Book Description
A comprehensive overview of functional nanosystems based on organic and polymeric materials and their impact on current and future research and technology in the highly interdisciplinary field of materials science. As such, this handbook covers synthesis and fabrication methods, as well as properties and characterization of supramolecular architectures. Much of the contents are devoted to existing and emerging applications, such as organic solar cells, transistors, diodes, nanowires and molecular switches. The result is an indispensable resource for materials scientists, organic chemists, molecular physicists and electrochemists looking for a reliable reference on this hot topic.
Author: Christoph Brabec Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527656936 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 766
Book Description
The versatility of organic photovoltaics is already well known and this completely revised, updated, and enlarged edition of a classic provides an up-to-date overview of this hot topic. The proven structure of the successful first edition, divided into the three key aspects of successful device design: materials, device physics, and manufacturing technologies, has been retained. Important aspects such as printing technologies, substrates, and electrode systems are covered. The result is a balanced, comprehensive text on the fundamentals as well as the latest results in the area that will set R&D trends for years to come. With its combination of both academic and commercial technological views, this is an optimal source of information for scientists, engineers, and graduate students already actively working in this field, and looking for comprehensive summaries on specific topics.
Author: Rakesh R. Nambiar
Author: Rakesh R. Nambiar
Author: Terje A. Skotheim
Author: John R. Reynolds
Author: Olivia Pei-Hua Lee
Author: National Research Council
Author: John R. Reynolds
Author: Paolo Samorì
Author: 
Author: Christoph Brabec
Author: