Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Design of a High-precision Low-power Temperature-compensated Crystal Oscillator in 0.18 "CEBCm" CMOS Process
Author: Design and Phase-noise Modeling of Temperature-compensated High Frequency MEMS-CMOS Reference Oscillators
Author: Seyed Hossein Miri LavasaniPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microelectromechanical systems
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Frequency reference oscillator is a critical component of modern radio transceivers. Currently, most reference oscillators are based on low-frequency quartz crystals that are inherently bulky and incompatible with standard micro-fabrication processes. Moreover, their frequency limitation (200MHz) requires large up-conversion ratio in multigigahertz frequency synthesizers, which in turn, degrades the phase-noise. Recent advances in MEMS technology have made realization of high-frequency on-chip low phase-noise MEMS oscillators possible. Although significant research has been directed toward replacing quartz crystal oscillators with integrated micromechanical oscillators, their phase-noise performance is not well modeled. In addition, little attention has been paid to developing electronic frequency tuning techniques to compensate for temperature/process variation and improve the absolute frequency accuracy. The objective of this dissertation was to realize high-frequency temperature-compensated high-frequency (100MHz) micromechanical oscillators and study their phase-noise performance. To this end, low-power low-noise CMOS transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) that employ novel gain and bandwidth enhancement techniques are interfaced with high frequency (>100MHz) micromechanical resonators. The oscillation frequency is varied by a tuning network that uses frequency tuning enhancement techniques to increase the tuning range with minimal effect on the phase-noise performance. Taking advantage of extended frequency tuning range, and on-chip temperature-compensation circuitry is embedded with the sustaining circuitry to electronically temperature-compensate the oscillator. Finally, detailed study of the phase-noise in micromechanical oscillators is performed and analytical phase-noise models are derived.
Crystal Oscillator Design and Temperature Compensation
Author: Marvin FrerkingPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401160562
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description
Crystal oscillators have been in use now for well over SO years-one of the first was built by W. G. Cady in 1921. Today, millions of them are made every year, covering a range of frequencies from a few Kilohertz to several hundred Mega hertz and a range of stabilities from a fraction of one percent to a few parts in ten to the thirteenth, with most of them, by far, still in the range of several tens of parts per million.Their major application has long been the stabilization of fre quencies in transmitters and receivers, and indeed, the utilization of the frequency spectrum would be in utter chaos, and the communication systems as we know them today unthinkable,'without crystal oscillators. With the need to accommodate ever increasing numbers of users in a limited spectrum space, this traditional application will continue to grow for the fore seeable future, and ever tighter tolerances will have to be met by an ever larger percentage of these devices.
Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
Author: Liang DaiPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461511453
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Book Description
Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.
A New Approach to a High-Stability Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator
Author: S. SchodowskiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
The report describes a compensation approach based on the introduction of controlled nonlinearity into the TCXO's frequency-voltage tuning characteristic by using a pair of varactor diodes and a fixed bias source. The result is considerable simplification of the temperature-compensation process for a TCXO using a fundamental AT-cut crystal unit. The simplification comes about by transformation of portion of the classic cubic voltage correction function to a monotonic function which then can be approximated to a high degree of accuracy with one or two '3-point' network segments, using a given thermistor in each. A stability of plus or minus 5 x 10 to the minus 8th power (5 to 80C) was obtained in one case where the required monotonic compensation function was generated in two segments. In another example, a stability of plus or minus 1 x 10 to the minus 8th power was easily obtained by compensating over a plus or minus 10C range about the upper turnover temperature. (Author).
Low-Power Crystal and MEMS Oscillators
Author: Eric VittozPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048193958
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 219
Book Description
Electronic oscillators using an electromechanical device as a frequency reference are irreplaceable components of systems-on-chip for time-keeping, carrier frequency generation and digital clock generation. With their excellent frequency stability and very large quality factor Q, quartz crystal resonators have been the dominant solution for more than 70 years. But new possibilities are now offered by micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) resonators, that have a qualitatively identical equivalent electrical circuit. Low-Power Crystal and MEMS Oscillators concentrates on the analysis and design of the most important schemes of integrated oscillator circuits. It explains how these circuits can be optimized by best exploiting the very high Q of the resonator to achieve the minimum power consumption compatible with the requirements on frequency stability and phase noise. The author has 40 years of experience in designing very low-power, high-performance quartz oscillators for watches and other battery operated systems and has accumulated most of the material during this period. Some additional original material related to phase noise has been added. The explanations are mainly supported by analytical developments, whereas computer simulation is limited to numerical examples. The main part is dedicated to the most important Pierce circuit, with a full design procedure illustrated by examples. Symmetrical circuits that became popular for modern telecommunication systems are analyzed in a last chapter.
Production Engineering Measure for Temperature Compensated Microcircuit Crystal Oscillator
Author: Donald L. ThomannPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
Book Description
The objective of this program is to establish a production capability for a microcircuit temperature compensated oscillator (MCTCXO) suitable for use as the reference oscillator in advanced FM communications equipment. Primary characteristics of the MCTCXO are small size, low power consumption, high reliability and frequency-temperature stability of + or -0.0000025 over the range of -40C to +80C. The contract will be accomplished in two steps. Step I will encompass the MCTCXO design, development engineering and fabrication of the tooling and production equipment necessary to obtain first article approval. A pilot run of 440 units (110 each of four frequencies) will be accomplished to verify production procedures, tooling and methods. The work in Step II will consist of all production planning necessary to expand the production rate to 100 units per eight hour shift on a mass production basis short of any procurements or actual manufacturing. The first quarterly report described the basic concept to be used in developing the MCTCXO as well as some circuit analysis. This report discusses the selection of the custom CMOS chip which will use silicon-on-sapphire technology in it's construction. Final CMOS specifications as well as specifications for the hybrid circuitry are included. (Author).
Wireless CMOS Frequency Synthesizer Design
Author: J. CraninckxPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792381389
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Book Description
The recent boom in the mobile telecommunication market has trapped the interest of almost all electronic and communication companies worldwide. New applications arise every day, more and more countries are covered by digital cellular systems and the competition between the several providers has caused prices to drop rapidly. The creation of this essentially new market would not have been possible without the ap pearance of smalI, low-power, high-performant and certainly low-cost mobile termi nals. The evolution in microelectronics has played a dominant role in this by creating digital signal processing (DSP) chips with more and more computing power and com bining the discrete components of the RF front-end on a few ICs. This work is situated in this last area, i. e. the study of the full integration of the RF transceiver on a single die. Furthermore, in order to be compatible with the digital processing technology, a standard CMOS process without tuning, trimming or post-processing steps must be used. This should flatten the road towards the ultimate goal: the single chip mobile phone. The local oscillator (LO) frequency synthesizer poses some major problems for integration and is the subject of this work. The first, and also the largest, part of this text discusses the design of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The general phase noise theory of LC-oscillators is pre sented, and the concept of effective resistance and capacitance is introduced to char acterize and compare the performance of different LC-tanks.
Low-Noise Low-Power Design for Phase-Locked Loops
Author: Feng ZhaoPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319122002
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
This book introduces low-noise and low-power design techniques for phase-locked loops and their building blocks. It summarizes the noise reduction techniques for fractional-N PLL design and introduces a novel capacitive-quadrature coupling technique for multi-phase signal generation. The capacitive-coupling technique has been validated through silicon implementation and can provide low phase-noise and accurate I-Q phase matching, with low power consumption from a super low supply voltage. Readers will be enabled to pick one of the most suitable QVCO circuit structures for their own designs, without additional effort to look for the optimal circuit structure and device parameters.
Low Power RF Circuit Design in Standard CMOS Technology
Author: Unai AlvaradoPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642229875
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
Low Power Consumption is one of the critical issues in the performance of small battery-powered handheld devices. Mobile terminals feature an ever increasing number of wireless communication alternatives including GPS, Bluetooth, GSM, 3G, WiFi or DVB-H. Considering that the total power available for each terminal is limited by the relatively slow increase in battery performance expected in the near future, the need for efficient circuits is now critical. This book presents the basic techniques available to design low power RF CMOS analogue circuits. It gives circuit designers a complete guide of alternatives to optimize power consumption and explains the application of these rules in the most common RF building blocks: LNA, mixers and PLLs. It is set out using practical examples and offers a unique perspective as it targets designers working within the standard CMOS process and all the limitations inherent in these technologies.