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Author: Sushil Kumar Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659551574 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
In the tremendous growth of wireless handheld devices, low power consumption becomes a major consideration in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) designs. This book introduces a multistage voltage controlled ring oscillator. The proposed structure uses 45 nm CMOS Technology in cadence. PSS analyses are performed in order to determine the frequency of oscillation and the influence of parameters such as supply voltage, temperature or load capacitance over the oscillation frequency. A transient analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of the parasitic parameters over the oscillation frequency. Ring oscillators with different number of stages like 7, 9 and 11 were designed successfully and their performance parameters are discussed in great detail and compared to reach to solutions to the challenges faced by the current Ring Oscillator technology. The challenges are phase noise, frequency jitter, period jitter, delay, jitter, total harmonic distortion (THD), transfer function etc. and are dealt appropriately in the system designs proposed for different number of stages. For example, a certain signal may have a phase noise of -80 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 KHz.
Author: Sushil Kumar Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659551574 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
In the tremendous growth of wireless handheld devices, low power consumption becomes a major consideration in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) designs. This book introduces a multistage voltage controlled ring oscillator. The proposed structure uses 45 nm CMOS Technology in cadence. PSS analyses are performed in order to determine the frequency of oscillation and the influence of parameters such as supply voltage, temperature or load capacitance over the oscillation frequency. A transient analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of the parasitic parameters over the oscillation frequency. Ring oscillators with different number of stages like 7, 9 and 11 were designed successfully and their performance parameters are discussed in great detail and compared to reach to solutions to the challenges faced by the current Ring Oscillator technology. The challenges are phase noise, frequency jitter, period jitter, delay, jitter, total harmonic distortion (THD), transfer function etc. and are dealt appropriately in the system designs proposed for different number of stages. For example, a certain signal may have a phase noise of -80 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 KHz.
Author: Liang Dai Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402072383 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.
Author: Liang Dai Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461511453 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.
Author: Ganapati Panda Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811319065 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 802
Book Description
The book discusses the latest developments and outlines future trends in the fields of microelectronics, electromagnetics and telecommunication. It contains original research works presented at the International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunication (ICMEET 2018), organised by GVP College of Engineering (A), Andhra Pradesh, India. The respective papers were written by scientists, research scholars and practitioners from leading universities, engineering colleges and R&D institutes from all over the world, and share the latest breakthroughs in and promising solutions to the most important issues facing today’s society.
Author: Erik Pankratz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Ring oscillators provide a central role in timing circuits for today?s mobile devices and desktop computers. Increased integration in these devices exacerbates switching noise on the supply, necessitating improved supply resilience. Furthermore, reduced voltage headroom in submicron technologies limits the number of stacked transistors available in a delay cell. Hence, conventional single-loop oscillators offer relatively few design options to achieve desired specifications, such as supply rejection. Existing state-of-the-art supply-rejection- enhancement methods include actively regulating the supply with an LDO, employing a fully differential or current-starved delay cell, using a hi-Z voltage-to-current converter, or compensating/calibrating the delay cell. Multiloop ring oscillators (MROs) offer an additional solution because by employing a more complex ring-connection structure and associated delay cell, the designer obtains an additional degree of freedom to meet the desired specifications. Designing these more complex multiloop structures to start reliably and achieve the desired performance requires a systematic analysis procedure, which we attack on two fronts: (1) a generalized delay-cell viewpoint of the MRO structure to assist in both analysis and circuit layout, and (2) a survey of phase-noise analysis to provide a bank of methods to analyze MRO phase noise. We distill the salient phase-noise-analysis concepts/key equations previously developed to facilitate MRO and other non-conventional oscillator analysis. Furthermore, our proposed analysis framework demonstrates that all these methods boil down to obtaining three things: (1) noise modulation function (NMF), (2) noise transfer function (NTF), and (3) current-controlled-oscillator gain (KICO). As a case study, we detail the design, analysis, and measurement of a proposed multiloop ring oscillator structure that provides improved power-supply isolation (more than 20dB increase in supply rejection over a conventional-oscillator control case fabricated on the same test chip). Applying our general multi-loop-oscillator framework to this proposed MRO circuit leads both to design-oriented expressions for the oscillation frequency and supply rejection as well as to an efficient layout technique facilitating cross-coupling for improved quadrature accuracy and systematic, substantially simplified layout effort.
Author: John A. McNeill Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 038776528X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
This guide emphasizes jitter for time domain applications so that there is not a need to translate from frequency domain. This provides a more direct path to the results for designing in an application area where performance is specified in the time domain. The book includes classification of oscillator types and an exhaustive guide to existing research literature. It also includes classification of measurement techniques to help designers understand how the eventual performance of circuit design is verified.
Author: Marc Tiebout Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354029256X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
This work covers the design of CMOS fully integrated low power low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators for telecommunication or datacommuni- tion systems. The need for low power is obvious, as mobile wireless telecommunications are battery operated. As wireless telecommunication systems use oscillators in frequency synthesizers for frequency translation, the selectivity and signal to noise ratio of receivers and transmitters depend heavily on the low phase noise performance of the implemented oscillators. Datacommunication s- tems need low jitter, the time-domain equivalent of low phase noise, clocks for data detection and recovery. The power consumption is less critical. The need for multi-band and multi-mode systems pushes the high-integration of telecommunication systems. This is o?ered by sub-micron CMOS feat- ing digital ?exibility. The recent crisis in telecommunication clearly shows that mobile hand-sets became mass-market high-volume consumer products, where low-cost is of prime importance. This need for low-cost products - livens tremendously research towards CMOS alternatives for the bipolar or BiCMOS solutions in use today.
Author: Woorham Bae Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology ISBN: 1785618016 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 255
Book Description
As electronics continue to become faster, smaller and more efficient, development and research around clocking signals and circuits has accelerated to keep pace. This book bridges the gap between the classical theory of clocking circuits and recent technological advances, making it a useful guide for newcomers to the field, and offering an opportunity for established researchers to broaden and update their knowledge of current trends.
Author: Behzad Razavi Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108494544 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 509
Book Description
This modern, pedagogic textbook from leading author Behzad Razavi provides a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to CMOS PLL design, featuring intuitive presentation of theoretical concepts, extensive circuit simulations, over 200 worked examples, and 250 end-of-chapter problems. The perfect text for senior undergraduate and graduate students.
Author: Pradeep Tomar Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429846908 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 381
Book Description
The book starts with an overview of the role of cities in climate change and environmental pollution worldwide, followed by the concept description of smart cities and their expected features, focusing on green technology innovation. This book explores the energy management strategies required to minimize the need for huge investments in high-capacity transmission lines from distant power plants. A new range of renewable energy technologies modified for installation in cities like small wind turbines, micro-CHP and heat pumps are described. The overall objective of this book is to explore all the green and smart technologies for designing green smart cities.
Author: Sushil Kumar
Author: Sushil Kumar
Author: Liang Dai
Author: Liang Dai
Author: Ganapati Panda
Author: Erik Pankratz
Author: John A. McNeill
Author: Marc Tiebout
Author: Woorham Bae
Author: Behzad Razavi
Author: Pradeep Tomar