Desert Dust in the Global System PDF Download

Author: Andrew S. Goudie
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540323554
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Book Description
Dust storms are a vital component of the environment. This book explores and summarises recent research on where dust storms originate, why dust storms are generated, where dust is transported and deposited, the nature of dust deposits and the changing frequency of dust storms over a range of time-scales. It is the first global study of causes and effects of dust storms, which are one of the increasing nature catastrophes.

Author: Andrew Goudie
Publisher:
ISBN: 9786610627165
Category : Dust storms
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Book Description
Dust storms, produced by the removal of surface materials from the world's drylands, are a vital component of the environment. This is because of their role in biogeochemical cycling, their potential influence on climate, their role in sediment accumulation and their influence on human affairs. This book, which is exhaustively referenced, explores and summarises recent research on where dust storms originate, why dust storms are generated, where dust is transported and deposited, the nature of dust deposits and the changing frequency of dust storms over a range of time-scales.

Author: Peter Knippertz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401789789
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 526

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Book Description
This volume presents state-of-the-art research about mineral dust, including results from field campaigns, satellite observations, laboratory studies, computer modelling and theoretical studies. Dust research is a new, dynamic and fast-growing area of science and due to its multiple roles in the Earth system, dust has become a fascinating topic for many scientific disciplines. Aspects of dust research covered in this book reach from timescales of minutes (as with dust devils, cloud processes and radiation) to millennia (as with loess formation and oceanic sediments), making dust both a player and recorder of environmental change. The book is structured in four main parts that explore characteristics of dust, the global dust cycle, impacts of dust on the Earth system, and dust as a climate indicator. The chapters in these parts provide a comprehensive, detailed overview of this highly interdisciplinary subject. The contributions presented here cover dust from source to sink and describe all the processes dust particles undergo while travelling through the atmosphere. Chapters explore how dust is lifted and transported, how it affects radiation, clouds, regional circulations, precipitation and chemical processes in the atmosphere and how it deteriorates air quality. The book explores how dust is removed from the atmosphere by gravitational settling, turbulence or precipitation, how iron contained in dust fertilizes terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and about the role that dust plays in human health. We learn how dust is observed, simulated using computer models and forecast. The book also details the role of dust deposits for climate reconstructions. Scientific observations and results are presented, along with numerous illustrations. This work has an interdisciplinary appeal and will engage scholars in geology, geography, chemistry, meteorology and physics, amongst others with an interest in the Earth system and environmental change. body>

Author: Ian Livingstone
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118945662
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356

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Book Description
A revised introduction to aeolian geomorphology written by noted experts in the field The new, revised and updated edition of Aeolian Geomorphology offers a concise and highly accessible introduction to the subject. The text covers the topics of deserts and coastlines, as well as periglacial and planetary landforms. The authors review the range of aeolian characteristics that include soil erosion and its consequences, continental scale dust storms, sand dunes and loess. Aeolian Geomorphology explores the importance of aeolian processes in the past, and the application of knowledge about aeolian geomorphology in environmental management. The new edition includes contributions from eighteen experts from four continents. All the chapters demonstrate huge advances in observation, measurement and mathematical modelling. For example, the chapter on sand seas shows the impact of greatly enhanced and accessible remote sensing and the chapter on active dunes clearly demonstrates the impact of improvements in field techniques. Other examples reveal the power of greatly improved laboratory techniques. This important text: Offers a comprehensive review of aeolian geomorphology Contains contributions from an international panel of eighteen experts in the field Includes the results of the most recent research on the topic Filled with illustrative examples that demonstrate the advances in laboratory approaches Written for students and professionals in the field, Aeolian Geomorphology provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic in twelve new chapters with contributions from noted experts in the field.

Author: Julie J Laity
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444300741
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Book Description
Taking a global perspective, this book provides a concise overviewof drylands, including their physical, biological, temporal, andhuman components. Examines the physical systems occurring in desert environments,including climate, hydrology, past and present lakes, weathering,hillslopes, geomorphic surfaces, water as a geomorphic agent, andaeolian processes Offers an accessible introduction to the physical, biological,temporal, and human components of drylands Investigates the nature, environmental requirements, andessential geomorphic roles of plants and animals in this stressfulbiological environment Highlights the impact of human population growth on climate,desertification, water resources, and dust storm activity Includes an examination of surface/atmosphere interactions andthe impact of ENSO events.

Author: Stefano Guerzoni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0792342941
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 415

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Book Description
The atmosphere is an important pathway for the transport of continentally-derived material to the oceans. In this respect the Mediterranean Sea is of special importance because its atmosphere receives inputs of anthropogenic aerosols from the north and desert- derived Saharan dusts from the south. The dusts, much of which is transported in the form of seasonal `pulses', have important effects on climate, marine chemistry and sedimentation in the Mediterranean Sea. This volume brings together reviews and specific-topic papers on the following aspects of Saharan dust transport to the Mediterranean Sea: (i) the modelling of Saharan dust transport, (ii) the chemistry and mineralogy of the dusts and their effect on precipitation, (iii) the contribution of the dusts to marine sedimentation, (iv) the aerobiology of the dusts, and (v) climatic implications of Saharan dust transport. The volume is aimed at students and researchers with an interest in the climate, biogeochemistry and geology of the Mediterranean Sea.

Author: Robert M. Haberle
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110817938X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 613

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Book Description
Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.

Author: Min Leung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Current Earth system models (ESMs) struggle to accurately simulate the spatiotemporal variability of the desert dust cycle and the impact of dust aerosols on Earth's climate and ecosystems. This is in part because these models lack several essential land-surface aeolian processes that couple dust with climate and land-surface changes. We address these fundamental problems and improve the representation of dust emission in ESMs using both a process-based approach and a data-driven approach. First, we develop a new process-based dust emission scheme that couples dust emission better with simulated land-surface processes in ESMs, with improved descriptions of (1) the effect of soil texture on the dust emission threshold, (2) the effects of rocks and vegetation on dissipating the surface wind stress, (3) the effects of boundary-layer turbulence on driving intermittent dust emissions, and (4) a simple methodology to rescale coarser-resolution emission simulations to match the spatial variability of higher-resolution emission simulations in ESMs. We use the revised dust emission scheme to model global dust emissions in a standalone model forced by reanalyzed meteorology and land-surface fields. The resulting simulated emissions show substantially better agreement than other existing emission models against observationally constrained regional dust emissions. Second, we implement the new emission scheme into the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) for a present-day (2004-2008) dust cycle simulation. The results show that our scheme significantly reduces the CESM2 simulation bias against observations compared to CESM's default emission scheme and improves the correlations against observations of key dust variables such as dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) and surface particulate matter (PM) concentration. Third, we use a data-driven approach to construct a globally gridded historical (1841-2000) dust emission inventory by empirically combining multiple sedimentary records of dust deposition with observational and modeling constraints on the modern-day dust cycle. The derived inventory contains the interdecadal variability of dust emissions as forced by the rising trends in the observed deposition time series, which show a global emission increase of $\sim$50\% for 1841-2000. We evaluate the inventory's effectiveness in enforcing a historical dust increase in ESMs by using it to force a long-term (1851-2000) dust cycle simulation in CESM2. The simulated dust deposition is in reasonable agreement with the long-term variability in most dust deposition records and with independently measured long-term trends in dust concentrations. This contrasts with dust simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which show little to no secular trends. Our studies thus provide two approaches to advancing the Earth system modeling of desert dust aerosols. The new process-based dust emission scheme enables more accurate simulations of the dust cycle's present-day spatial and day-to-day variability, enhancing short-term weather and air pollution forecasting power on a daily timescale. The empirically derived dust emission inventory allows realistic simulations of the historical dust increase, thereby improving the accuracy of aerosol radiative forcing predictions in climate change assessments across multidecadal timescales. Both approaches will thus improve dust cycle simulations in ESMs across multiple timescales of interest.

Author: Barbara Gowan
Publisher: Sleeping Bear Press
ISBN: 1410310698
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Book Description
D is for Desert: A World Deserts Alphabet uses the alphabet to explore desert regions around the world, explaining the science behind what determines a desert and showcasing fascinating features and desert inhabitants. Budding scientists will traverse the rocky deserts of Mongolia astride the Bactrian camel, spy on the poisonous Gila monster and other lizards in the Sonoran Desert, discover geological wonders in Bryce Canyon National Park, and learn about desert weather phenomena such as dust storms and flash floods, and much more. A glossary of key desert-science terms and concepts is included.

Author: Jerry C. Zee
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520384091
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Book Description
Apparatus A : nightwind -- Introduction : earthly interphases -- Apparatus B : the wind tunnel -- Machine sky -- Apparatus C : a sheet of loose sand -- Groundwork -- Apparatus D : five thousand years -- Holding patterns -- Particulate exposures -- Apparatus E : wildfires -- City of chambers -- Apparatus F : a sinocene -- Downwinds -- Apparatus G : monsters.